أَوْجَبَObligedاللَّهُGodعَلَىuponاسْمِthe nameالإِيمَانِof faithالثَّنَاءِpraiseوَالْبَرَكَةِand blessingوَالرَّأْفَةِand mercyوَالرَّحْمَةِand compassionوَالْمَغْفِرَةِand forgivenessوَالْجَنَّةِand paradise.
God has obligated praise, blessing, mercy, compassion, forgiveness, and paradise upon the name of faith.
وَأَوْجَبَAnd He obligatedعَلَىuponالْكَبَائِرِthe major sinsالنَّارَthe Fire,وَهَذَانِand these twoمُتَضَادَّانِare opposites.
And He obligated the Fire upon the major sins, and these two are opposites.
فَإِنْThen ifقِيلَit is said :فَكَيْفَhowأَمْسَكْتُمْcan you refrainعَنْfromاسْمِthe nameالإِيمَانِof faithأَنْtoتَسْمُواcallبِهِit,وَأَنْتُمْand youتَزْعُمُونَclaiming thatأَنْthatأَصْلَthe essenceالإِيمَانِof faithفِيis inقُلُوبِكُمْyour heartsوَهُوَand it isالتَّصْدِيقُthe beliefبِأَنَّthatاللَّهَGodحَقٌّis true,وَمَاand whatقَالَهُHe has said it is true?
Then if it is said: how can you refrain from calling upon the name of faith, while you claim that the essence of faith is in your hearts, and it is the belief that God is true, and what He has said is true?
قَالُواThey said :إِنَّIndeedاللَّهَGodوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerوَجَمَاعَةَand the communityالْمُسْلِمِينَof Muslimsسَمَّوْاthey namedالأَشْيَاءِthingsبِمَاby whatغَلَبَovercameعَلَيْهَاon themمِنَofالْأَسْمَاءِthe names,فَسَمَّوْاso they calledالزَّانِيَthe fornicatorsفَاسِقًاsinners,وَالْقَاذِفَand the accuserفَاسِقًاsinner,وَشَارِبَand the drinkerالْخَمْرِof alcoholic drinksفَاسِقًاsinner,وَلَمْthey did notيَسْمُواnameوَاحِدًاanyoneمِنْofهَؤُلَاءِtheseمُتَّقِيًاpiousوَلَاnorوَرِعًاrighteous.
They said: Indeed, God and His Messenger and the community of Muslims named things by what predominated over them of names, so they called the fornicator a sinner, and the accuser a sinner, and the drinker of alcohol a sinner, and they did not call any one of these pious or righteous.
وَقَدْAnd indeedأَجْمَعَthe Muslims agreedالْمُسْلِمُونَthe Muslimsأَنْthatفِيهِin himأَصْلَthe essenceالتَّقَىof pietyوَالْوَرَعَand righteousness,وَذَٰلِكَand thatأَنَّهُheيَتَّقِيfearsأَنْthatيَكْفُرَhe commits disbeliefأَوْorيُشْرِكَassociatesبِاللَّهِwith Godشَيْئًاanything,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseيَتَّقِيhe fearsاللَّهَGodأَنْthatيَتْرُكَhe leavesالْغُسْلَthe washingمِنَfromالْجَنَابَةِthe major ritual impurityأَوْorالصَّلَاةَthe prayer,وَيَتَّقِيand he fearsأَنْthatيَأْتِيَhe comes toأُمَّهُhis mother.فَهُوَSo heفِيinجَمِيعِallذَٰلِكَthatمُتَّقٍpious.
And indeed the Muslims have agreed that he has the essence of piety and righteousness, and that he fears committing disbelief or associating anything with God; likewise, he fears God that he may leave the washing from the major ritual impurity or the prayer, and he fears that he may approach his mother. So he is pious in all that.
وَقَدْAnd indeedأَجْمَعَthe Muslims agreedالْمُسْلِمُونَthe Muslimsمِنَofالْمُوَافِقِينَthe supportersوَالْمُخَالِفِينَand the opponentsأَنَّهُمthat theyلَاdo notيَسْمُونَهُcall himمُتَّقِيًاpiousوَلَاnorوَرِعًاrighteousإِذَاifكَانَhe wasيَأْتِيcommittingبِالْفُجُورِimmorality.
And indeed, the Muslims from the supporters and the opponents have agreed that they do not call him pious or righteous if he is committing immorality.
فَلَمَّاSo whenأَجْمَعُواthey agreedأَنَّthatأَصْلَthe essenceالتَّقَىof pietyوَالْوَرَعَand righteousnessثَابِتٌis establishedفِيهِin himوَأَنَّهُand that heقَدْhasيَزِيدُincreasesفِيهِin itفُرُوعًاbranchesبَعْدَafterالْأَصْلِthe essenceكُتُورَعَهُlike his cautionعَنْfromإِتِيَانِcommittingالْمَحَارِمِthe prohibitions,ثُمَّthenلَاthey do notيَسْمُونَهُname himمُتَّقِيًاpiousوَلَاnorوَرِعًاrighteousمَعَwithإِتِيَانِهِhis committingبَعْضِsomeالْكَبَائِرِof the major sins,بَلْratherسَمُّوهُthey named himفَاسِقًاa sinnerوَفَاجِرًاand a wicked oneمَعَwithعِلْمِهِمtheir knowledgeأَنَّهُthat heقَدْhasأَتَىperformedبَعْضًاsomeالتَّقَىof pietyوَالْوَرَعِand righteousness.
So when they agreed that the essence of piety and righteousness is established in him, and that he has increased in it branches after the essence, like his caution from committing the prohibitions, yet they do not name him pious or righteous while he is committing some of the major sins, rather they named him a sinner and a wicked one with their knowledge that he has performed some of the piety and righteousness.
فَمَنَعَهُمْSo it prevented themمِنْfromذَٰلِكَthatأَنْthatاسْمُthe nameالتَّقَىof pietyاسْمٌis a nameثَنَاءِof praiseوَتَزْكِيَةٍand purification,وَأَنَّand thatاللَّهَGodقَدْhasأَوْجَبَobligedعَلَيْهِupon himالْمَغْفِرَةَforgivenessوَالْجَنَّةَand paradise.
So it prevented them from that, that the name of piety is a name of praise and purification, and that God has obligated forgiveness and paradise upon it.
قَالُواThey said :فَلِذَٰلِكَSo for that reasonلَاwe do notنُسَمِّيهname himمُؤْمِنًاa believerوَنُسَمِّيهand we name himفَاسِقًاa sinner,زَانِيًاa fornicator,وَإِنْeven ifكَانَhe wasفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartأَصْلُthe essenceاسْمِof the nameالإِيمَانِof faith,لأَنَّbecauseالإِيمَانَfaithاسْمٌis a nameأَثْنَىpraisedاللَّهُGodبِهِwith itعَلَىuponالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believers,وَزَكَّاهُمْand He purified themبِهِwith itوَأَوْجَبَand obligatedعَلَيْهِمُupon themالْجَنَّةَparadise,فَمَنْso fromثُمَّthenقُلْنَاwe said :مُسْلِمٌMuslimوَلَمْand did notنَقُلْsayمُؤْمِنٍbeliever.
They said: So for that reason we do not name him a believer and we name him a sinner, a fornicator, even if he has in his heart the essence of the name of faith, because faith is a name that God praised the believers with, and He purified them with it and obligated paradise upon them, therefore we say: Muslim and did not say believer.
قَالُواThey said :وَلَوْEven ifكَانَthere wasأَحَدٌanyoneمِنَofالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslimsالْمُوَحِّدِينَthe monotheistsيَسْتَحِقُّdeservesأَنْto notلَاhaveيَكُونَitفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartإِيمَانٌfaithوَلَاnorإِسْلَامٌIslamلَكَانَhe would be the most deservingأَحَقَّmost worthyالنَّاسِof peopleبِذَلِكَof thatأَهْلَthe peopleالنَّارِof the Fireالَّذِينَthose whoدَخَلُواentered it.فَلَمَّاSo whenوَجَدْنَاwe foundالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)يُخْبِرُinformsأَنَّthatاللَّهَGodيَقُولُsays :أَخْرِجُواTake outمِنَfromالنَّارِthe Fireمَنْwhoكَانَwasفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartمِثْقَالٌthe weightذَرَّةٍof an atomمِنْofإِيمَانٍfaith,ثَبَتَit is establishedأَنَّthatشَرَّthe worstالْمُسْلِمِينَof the Muslimsفِيinقَلْبِهِhis heartإِيمَانٌis faith,
They said: Even if there was anyone of the Muslims, the monotheists, who deserves to not have faith or Islam in his heart, he would be the most deserving of people of that, the people of the Fire, those who entered it. So when we found the Prophet (peace be upon him) informs that God says: 'Take out from the Fire whom was in his heart the weight of an atom of faith,' it is established that the worst of the Muslims has faith in his heart.
وَلَمَّاAnd whenوَجَدْنَاwe foundالْأُمَّةَthe communityتَحْكُمُrulesبِالْأَحْكَامِwith the rulesالَّتِيthatأَلْزَمَهَاHe commanded themاللَّهُGodلِلْمُسْلِمِينَfor the Muslimsوَلَاand norيُكَفِّرُونَهُمْdo they disbelieve them,وَلَاand norيَشْهَدُونَdo they testifyلَهُمْfor themبِالْجَنَّةِwith Paradise,ثَبَتَit is establishedأَنَّهُمْthat theyمُسْلِمُونَare Muslimsأَجْمَعُواthey all agreedأَنَّthatيَمْضُواthey must enforceعَلَيْهِمْupon themأَحْكَامَthe rulesالْمُسْلِمِينَof the Muslimsوَأَنَّهُمْand that theyلَاdo notيَسْتَحِقُّونَdeserveأَنْto be calledيُسَمَّوْاthemمُؤْمِنِينَbelievers,إِذْsinceكَانُواthey wereالإِسْلاَمَthe Islam
And when we found that the community rules with the rules that God commanded for the Muslims, and they do not disbelieve them, nor do they testify for them with Paradise, it is established that they are Muslims; they all agreed that they must enforce upon them the rules of the Muslims and that they do not deserve to be called believers, since they were Islam.