فَإِنَّهُمْSo theyذَهَبُواwentإِلَىtoأَنْthatالطَّاعَاتِthe acts of obedienceلَاdo notتُسَمَّىbe calledإِيمَانًاfaith,قَالُوا،they said,إِنَّمَاonlyالإِيمَانُfaithالتَّصْدِيقُis the affirmationوَالإِقْرَارُand the acknowledgmentوَمِنْهُمْAnd among themمَنْ زَادَsome addedالمَعْرِفَةَthe knowledgeوَذَكَرَand mentionedمَاwhatاحْتَجُّواthey used as evidenceبِهِ ..with it ..إِلَىuntilأَنْthere isقَالَ :he said :
So they went to the belief that acts of obedience are not called faith; they said that faith is only affirmation and acknowledgment. And among them, some added knowledge and mentioned what they used as evidence. Until he said:
وَأَمَّاAnd as forسَائِرِthe otherالْفُقَهَاءِjuristsمِنْfromأَهْلِthe people ofالرَّأْيِviewوَالْآثَارِand traditionsبِالْحِجَازِin Hijazوَالْعِرَاقِand Iraqوَالشَّامِand Sham (Syria)وَمِصْرَ،and Egypt,مِنْهُمْamong themمَالِكٌ بْنُ أَنَسٍ،Malik ibn Anas,وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ،and Al-Layth ibn Sad,وَسُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ،and Sufyan Al-Thawri,وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ،and Al-Awza'i,وَالشَّافِعِيُّ،and Al-Shafi'i,وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ،and Ahmad ibn Hanbal,وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهُوَيْهِ،and Ishaq ibn Rahwayh,وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ،and Abu Ubaid Al-Qasim ibn Salam,وَدَاوُدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ،and Dawood ibn Ali,وَالطَّبَرِيُّand Al-Tabariوَمَنْ سَلَكَ سَبِيلَهُمْand those who followed their pathفَقَالُوا:said:الإِيمَانُFaithقَوْلٌis a sayingوَعَمَلٌ،and action,قَوْلٌsayingبِالْلِّسَانِby the tongueوَهُوَand it isالإِقْرَارُ،the acknowledgment,وَاعْتِقَادٌand beliefبِالْقَلْبِin the heartوَعَمَلٌand actionبِالْجَوَارِحِwith the limbsمَعَwithالإِخْلَاصِsincerityبِالنِّيَّةِin intentionالصَّادِقَةِ. the true.
And as for the other jurists from the people of opinion and traditions in Hijaz, Iraq, Sham, and Egypt, among them are Malik ibn Anas, Al-Layth ibn Sad, Sufyan Al-Thawri, Al-Awza'i, Al-Shafi'i, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Abu Ubaid Al-Qasim ibn Salam, Dawood ibn Ali, and Al-Tabari, and those who followed their path, they said: Faith is saying and action, saying by the tongue and it is the acknowledgment, and belief in the heart and action with the limbs with sincerity in the true intention.
قَالُوا:They said:وَكُلُّAnd allمَاwhateverيُطَاعُis obeyedاللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّAllah the Almightyبِهِwith itمِنْofفَرِيضَةٍobligationوَرَافِلَةٍ،and supererogatory,فَهُوَit isمِنَofالإِيمَانِ،Faith,وَالإِيمَانُand Faithيَزِيدُincreasesبِالطَّاعَاتِ،with acts of obedience,وَيَنْقُصُand decreasesبِالْمَعَاصِي،by sins,وَأَهْلُAnd the people ofالذُّنُوبِsinsعِندَهُمْaccording to themمُؤْمِنُونَare believersغَيْرَnotمُسْتَكْمِلِيcompletingالإِيمَانِfaithمِنْ أَجْلِbecause ofذُنُوبِهِم،their sinsوَإِنَّمَاand they are onlyصَارُواthey becomeنَاقِصِيdeficientالإِيمَانِin faithبَارْتِكَابِهِمdue to committingالْكَبَائِرِ،the major sins,أَلَّاDo you notتَرَىseeإِلَىtoقَوْلِthe sayingالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ :of the Prophet ﷺ:«لَا"Notيَزْنِيcommit adulteryالزَّانِيthe adultererحِينَwhenيَزْنِيhe commits adulteryوَهُوَand he isمُؤْمِنٌa believer... الْحَدِيثُthe Hadithيُرِيدُmeansمُسْتَكْمِلًاcompletelyالإِيمَانَfaithوَلَمand did notيَرُدَّnegateبِهِwith itنَفْيَthe denialجَمِيعِof allالإِيمَانِfaithعَنْfromفَاعِلِthe doer of that,بِدَلِيلِwith the evidenceالإِجْمَاعِof consensusعَلَىonتَوْرِيثِthe inheritanceالزَّانِيof the adultererوَالسَّارِقِand the thiefوَشَارِبِand the drinkerالْخَمْرِof alcoholإِذَاifصَلَّوْاthey prayإِلَىtoالْقِبْلَةِthe Qiblahوَانْتَحَلُواand claimedدَعْوَةَthe call ofالإِسْلَامِIslamوَمِنْand ofقَرَابَاتِهِمtheir relativesالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersالَّذِينَwhoلَيْسُواare notبِتِلْكَin thoseالأَحْوَالِ،conditions,وَاحْتَجَّand he brought evidenceعَلَىagainstذَلِكَthatثُمَّ قَالَ :then he said:وَأَكْثَرُAnd mostأَصْحَابِof the companionsمَالِكٍMalikعَلَىonأَنْthatالإِيمَانَfaithوَالْإِسْلَامَand Islamشَيْءٌis one thingوَاحِدٌ.only.
They said: And whatever is obeyed to Allah, the Almighty, with it, of obligation and supererogatory, is of faith, and faith increases with acts of obedience and decreases by sins, and the people of sins according to them are believers who are not completing in faith because of their sins, and they have only become deficient in faith due to committing the major sins. Do you not see to the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "Not does the adulterer commit adultery while he is a believer..." The Hadith means completing the faith, and he did not negate the denial of all faith from the doer of that, with the evidence of consensus on the inheritance of the adulterer, the thief, and the drinker of alcohol if they pray to the Qiblah and claimed the call of Islam, and from their relatives the believers who are not in those conditions, and he brought evidence against that. Then he said: And most of the companions of Malik believe that faith and Islam are one thing.
قَالَ:He said:وَأَمَّاAnd as forقَوْلُthe sayingالمُعْتَزِلَةِ،of the Mu'tazilah,فَالإِيمَانُthus faithعِندَهُمْaccording to themجُمَاعٌis the wholeالطَّاعَاتِ،of the acts of obedience,وَمَنْand whoeverقَصَّرَfalls shortمِنْهَاof itعَنْofشَيْءٍsomethingفَهُوَisفَاسِقٌa sinnerلَاneitherمُؤْمِنٌbelieverوَلَاnorكَافِرٌ،disbeliever,وَهَؤُلَاءِand theseهُمْareالْمُتَحَقِّقُونَthe establishedبِالِاعْتِزَالِin the doctrine of Mu'tazilahأَصْحَابُthe people ofالْمَنْزِلَةِthe stationبَيْنَbetweenالْمَنْزِلَتَيْنِ ...the two stations ...إِلَىuntilأَنْthatقَالَ :he said:عَلَىthatالإِيمَانُfaithيَزِيدُincreasesوَيَنْقُصُ،and decreases,يَزِيدُincreasesبِالطَّاعَةِ،with the obedience,وَيَنْقُصُand decreasesبِالْمَعْصِيَةِ،with disobedience,وَعَلَيْهِand on thisجَمَاعَةٌthe group ofأَهْلِthe People ofالْآثَارِthe traditionsوَالْفُقَهَاءِand scholarsمِنْofأَهْلِthe people ofالْفَتْوَىٰfatwaفِيinالْأَمْصَارِ،the cities,وَرَوَىand narratedابْنُ الْقَاسِمِIbn Al-QasimعَنْfromمَالِكٍMalikأَنْthatالإِيمَانَfaithيَزِيدُ،increases,وَتَوَقَّفَand he stoppedفِيinنَقْصَانِهِ،its decrease,وَرَوَىand narratedعَنْهُfrom himعَبْدُAbdulالرَّزَّاقِRazzaqوَمَعِينٌand Ma'inابْنُson ofعِيسَىIsaوَابْنٌand son ofنَافِعٍNafi' أَنَّهُthat itيَزِيدُincreasesوَيَنْقُصُ،and decreases,وَعَلَىand onهَذَاthisمَذْهَبٌis the school ofالْجَمَاعَةِthe group ofمِنْofأَهْلِthe People ofالْحَدِيثِ،Hadith,وَالْحَمْدُ اللّهُ.and praise be to Allah.
He said: And as for the saying of the Mu'tazilah, thus faith according to them is the entirety of acts of obedience, and whoever falls short from it in something is a sinner, not a believer nor a disbeliever, and these are the established ones in the Mu'tazilah doctrine, the people of the station between the two stations... Until he said: that faith increases and decreases, increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience, and on this is the group of the People of Traditions and scholars from the people of fatwa in the cities, and Ibn Al-Qasim narrated from Malik that faith increases, and he stopped in its decrease, and he narrated from him Abdul Razzaq, Ma'in ibn Isa, and Nafi' that it increases and decreases, and on this is the school of the group of the People of Hadith, and praise be to Allah.
ثُمَّThenذَكَرَhe mentionedحُجَجَthe argumentsالْمُرْجِئَةِ،of the Murji'ah,ثُمَّthenحُجَجَthe argumentsأَهْلِof the People ofالسُّنَّةِthe Sunnahوَرَدَّand he refutedعَلَىagainstالْخَوَارِجِthe Khawarijالتَّكْفِيرِthe takfirبِالْحُدُودِby the defined limitsالْمَذْكُورَةِmentionedلِلْعُصَاةِfor sinnersفِيinالزِّنَىadulteryوَالسَّرِقَةِ،and theft,وَنَحْوِand so forth,ذَلِكَ،that,وَبِالْمَوَارَثَةِ،and by inheritance,وَبِحَدِيثٍand by the hadith.
Then he mentioned the arguments of the Murji'ah, then the arguments of the People of Sunnah and he refuted the takfir of the Khawarij by the defined limits mentioned for the sinners in adultery and theft, and so forth, and by inheritance, and by the hadith.