يَجِبُmustعَلَيْهِ،on him,لِأَنَّهُbecause heقَادِرٌis capableعَلَيْهof itوَغَيْرِهِand othersعَاجِزٌare unableعَنْهُof itفَلَاso notيَجِبُmustفَهَذَاthisقَدْhasفَضَّلَpreferredبِإِيمَانٍwith faith.
He must, because he is capable of it and others are unable to, so he does not have to; for this has been preferred in faith.
وَاجِبٌObligatoryعَلَيْهِon himوَلَيْسَand notبَوَاجِبٍobligatoryعَلَىonمَنْthose whoعَجَزَare unableعَنْهُ.of it.
It is obligatory upon him and not obligatory on those who are unable to.
وَهَذَاAnd thisحَالُis the stateجَمِيعِof allالْأُمَّةِthe Ummahفِيْمَاin whatتَنَازَعَتْthey disputedفِيهِin itمِنْofالْمَسَائِلِthe mattersالْخَبَرِيَّةِnarrativeوَ الْعَمَلِيَّةِ،and practical,إِذَاifخَصَّone is distinguishedأَحَدُهُمَاoneبِمَعْرِفَةِby the knowledgeالْحَقِّof the truthفِيinنَفْسِitselfالْأَمْرِthe matterمَعَwithاجْتِهَادِthe effortالْآخَرِof the otherوَعَجَزِهِ،and his inability,كِلَاهُمَاboth areمَحْمُودٌpraisedمُثَابٌrewardedمُؤْمِنٌ،believers,وَ ذَلِكَand thatخَصَّهُGod preferred himاللَّهُGodمِنْfromالإِيمَانِthe faithالَّذِيthat whichوَجَبَhe mustعَلَيْهِon himبِمَاby whatفَضَّلَهُhe has preferredبِهِhim withعَلَىoverهَذَا،this,وَ ذَلِكَand thatالْمُخْطِئُmistaken oneلَاdoes notيَسْتَحِقُّdeserveذَمًّاblameوَلَاand notعِقَابًا،punishment,وَ إِنْand ifكَانَit wasذَاكَthatلَوْifفَعَلَhe didمَاwhatفَعَلَhe didذُمَّhe would be blamedوَعُوقِبَand punishedكَمَاjust asخَصَّGod preferredاللَّهُGodأُمَّةَthe Ummahنَبِيِّنَاof our Prophetبِشَرْعَةٍwith a legislationفَضَّلَهَاHe has preferred itبِهَاwith itوَلَوْand ifتَرَكْنَاwe leftمِمَّاof whatأَمَرَنَاHe commanded usبِهِwith itفِيهاin itشَيْئًا،anything,لَكَانَit would beذَاكَthisسَبَبًاa causeلِلَّذَمِfor blameوَالْعِقَابِ،and punishment,وَالْأَنْبِيَاءُand the Prophetsقَبْلَنَاbefore usلَاdo notيَذْمُونَthey are blamedبِتَرْكِfor leavingذَلِكَ،that,لَكِنَّbutمُحَمَّدًاMuhammadفَضَّلَهُGod has preferred himاللَّهُGodعَلَىoverالْأَنْبِيَاءِthe Prophetsوَفَرَضَand He favoredأُمَّتَهُhis Ummahعَلَىoverالأُمَمِthe nationsمِنْfromغَيْرِwithoutذَمٍّblameلِأَحَدٍon anyoneمِنَofالْأَنْبِيَاءِ،the Prophets,وَلَاand notلِمَنْto those whoاتَّبَعَهُمْfollowed themمِنَfromالأُمَمِ.the nations.
This is the state of the entire Ummah regarding the disputed matters of narrative and practical affairs. If one of them is distinguished by knowing the truth in the matter itself, while the other makes effort and is unable, both are praised and rewarded believers. God preferred him over the faith that he must have through what He preferred him with. The mistaken one does not deserve blame or punishment, and if that one were to perform what he did, he would be blamed and punished, just as God preferred the Ummah of our Prophet with a Shari'ah He has favored it with. If we were to leave anything that He commanded us in it, that would be a cause for blame and punishment. The Prophets before us were not blamed for leaving that, but Muhammad was preferred by God over the Prophets and His Ummah over the nations without the blame of any of the Prophets or those who followed them from the nations.
يُسَمَّىis calledمُسْلِمًاa Muslim.
He is called a Muslim.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَإِذَاifكَانَthere isالْإِنْسَانُa personلَاdoes notيَجِبْhave toعَلَيْهِon himمِنَfromالإِيمَانِthe faithإِلَّاexceptمَاwhatيُقَدِّرُhe is capableعَلَيْهِ،of it, وَهُوَand heإِذَاifفَعَلَhe doesذَاكَthatكَانَhe isمُسْتَحِقًّاentitledلِمَاto whatوَعَدَwas promisedاللَّهُby Allahبِهِwith itمِنَfromالْجَنَّةِ،the garden,فَلَوْifكَانَthere isمِثْلَlikeهَذَا :this:وَلَاand notيُسَمَّىis calledمُؤْمِنًا،a believer,لَوْجَبَit would be necessaryأَنْthatيَكُونَhe isمِنَfromأَهْلِthe peopleالْوَعْدِof the promiseبِالْجَنَّةِof the gardenمِنَthose whoيُسَمَّىare calledمُسْلِمًاMuslimsلَاnotمُؤْمِنًاbelievers,كَالْأَعْرَابِ،like the Bedouins,وَكَالشَّخْصِand like the personالَّذِيwhoقَالَsaidفِيهِabout himالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ:(peace be upon him):«أَوْ"orمُسْلِمٌ،"Muslim,"وَكَسَائِرِand similarمِنَfromنَفْيِthe denialعَنْهُof himالإِيمَانِthe faithمَعَwhileأَنَّهُthat he isمُسْلِمٌ،a Muslim,كَالزَّانِيlike the fornicatorsوَالشَّارِبِand the drinkerوَالسَّارِقِ،and the thief,وَمَنْand those whoلَاdo notيَأْمَنُfeel safeجَارَهُhis neighborبَوَائِقَهُ،from his harm,وَمَنْand those whoلَاdo notيُحِبُّloveلِأَخِيهِfor his brotherمِنَofالْخَيْرِgoodnessمَاwhatيُحِبُّhe lovesلِنَفْسِهِ،for himself,وَغَيْرِand othersهَؤُلَاءِ،like these,وَلَيْسَand notالْأَمْرُthe matterكَذَلِكَ،like that,فَإِنَّforاللَّهَAllahلَمْdid notيُعَلِّقْlinkوَعْدَthe promiseالْجَنَّةِof the gardenإِلَّاexceptبِاسْمِby the nameالإِيمَانِ،of faith,لَمْdid notيُعَلِّقْهَاlink itبِاسْمِby the nameالإِسْلاَمِof Islamمَعَwhileإِيجَابِهِcommanding itالإِسْلاَمَIslamوَإِخْبَارِهِand His informingأَنَّهُthat it isدِينُهُHis religionالَّذِيwhichارْتَضَاهُ،He is pleased with,وَأَنَّهُand that itلَاdoes notيَقْبَلُacceptدِينًاany religion.هَذَاThisفَمَاindeedقَالَ:He said: إِنَّIndeedالْجَنَّةَthe gardenأُعِدَّتْis preparedلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ،for the Muslims,وَلَاand notقَالَ:He said: وَعْدُthe promiseاللَّهِAllahغَيْرَهُ،other than them,وَمَعَand withالمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslimsبِالْجَنَّةِ،for the garden,بَلْbutإِنَّمَاindeedذُكِرَmentionedذَلِكَthatبِاسْمِby the nameالإِيمَانِfaithكَقَوْلِهِ:like His saying: ﴿وَعَدَ"Allah promisedاللَّهُAllahالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersوَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِand the believing womenجَنَّاتٍgardensتَجْرِيthat flowمِنfromتَحْتِهَاbeneath themالأَنْهَرُ﴾the rivers" [at-Tawbah: 72].فَهُوَTherefore, itيُعَلِّقُهَاlinks itبِاسْمِby the nameالإِيمَانِof faithالْمُطْلَقِ،the absolute,أَوْorالْمُقَيَّدِthe restrictedبِالْعَمَلِby the good deedsالصَّالِحِ،the good,كَقَوْلِهِ:like His saying: ﴿إِنَّ"Indeedالَّذِينَthose whoءَامَنُواbelievedوَعَمِلُواand didالصَّلِحَاتِrighteous deedsأُولَـٰئِكَtheyهُمْareخَيْرُthe bestالْبَرِيَّةِof creation.جَزَاؤُهُمْTheir rewardعِندَwithرَبِّهِمْtheir Lordجَنَّةُis Paradiseعَدْنٍof Adn,تَجْرِيwhich flowsمِنfromتَحْتِهَاbeneath themالأَنْهَرُ﴾the rivers" [Al-Bayyina].وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying: ﴿وَبَشِّرِ"And give glad tidings toالَّذِينَthose whoءَامَنُواbelievedوَعَمِلُواand didالصَّالِحَاتِrighteous deedsأَنَّthatلَهُمْfor themجَنَّاتٍare gardensتَجْرِيthat flowمِنfromتَحْتِهَاbeneath themالأَنْهَرُthe rivers.كُلَّمَاWheneverرُزِقُواthey are givenمِنْهَاfrom itمِنofثَمَرَةٍthe fruitsرِزْقًاas provisionقَالُواthey would sayهَذَاthisالَّذِيwhichرُزِقْنَاwe were givenمِنfromقَبْلُ﴾before" [Al-Baqarah: 272].
And also, if a person only has to believe what he is capable of, then if he does that, he deserves what Allah has promised him of Paradise. If there were like this: and is not called a believer, it would be necessary that those who are called Muslims but not believers, like the Bedouins, and like the person who the Prophet said: 'or a Muslim,' and like others who have not been considered a believer while he is a Muslim, like the fornicator, the drinker, the thief, and those who do not feel safe from their neighbor's harm, and those who do not love their brother for good what they love for themselves, and others like these. The matter is not so, for Allah did not link the promise of Paradise except by the name of faith, He did not link it by the name of Islam while commanding Islam and informing that it is the religion He is pleased with, and that He does not accept any religion. This indeed, He did not mention that the garden is prepared for Muslims, nor did He say: 'Allah's promise does not include others, except with the Muslims for Paradise.' Rather, He only mentioned it by the name of faith, like His saying: 'Allah has promised the believing men and women gardens beneath which rivers flow' [At-Tawbah: 72]. Therefore, it links it by the name of absolute faith, or restricted by good deeds, like His saying: 'Indeed those who believed and did righteous deeds are the best of creation. Their reward with their Lord is gardens of Adn beneath which rivers flow' [Al-Bayyina]. And His saying: 'And give glad tidings to those who believed and did righteous deeds that they will have gardens beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are given of its fruits as provision, they would say: this is what we have been given from before.' [Al-Baqarah: 272].