وَهَـٰؤُلَـٰئِكَAnd theseهُمْareالَّذِينَthose whoإِذَاwhenذُكِرَAllah is mentionedاللَّهُAllahوَجِلَتْand their hearts trembleقُلُوبُهُمْtheir heartsوَإِذَاAnd whenتُلِيَتْit is recitedعَلَيْهِمْto themوَازْدَادَتْand it increasesزَادَتْهُمْthemإِيمَانًاin faith.
And these are those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts tremble; and when His verses are recited to them, it increases their faith.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَالَsaidفِيinالْآيَةِthe verseالْأُخْرَىthe other::اللَّهُAllahنَزَّلَhas sent downأَحْسَنَthe bestالْحَدِيثِof speechكِتَابًاa Bookمُتَشَابِهًاthat is similarمَثَانِيَin pairs.
And likewise, He said in the other verse: 'Allah has sent down the best of speech, a Book that is similar in pairs.'
نَقْشَعِرُّthe skins shiverمِنْهُfrom itجُلُودُthe skinsالَّذِينَof those whoيَخْشَوْنَfearرَبَّهُمْtheir Lordثُمَّthenتَلِينُsoftensجُلُودُهُمْtheir skinsوَقُلُوبُهُمْand their heartsإِلَىtoذِكْرِthe remembrance ofاللَّهِAllah.
The skins shiver from it, of those who fear their Lord; then their skins and their hearts soften to the remembrance of Allah.
وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoيَخْشَوْنَfearرَبَّهُمْtheir Lordهُمْareالَّذِينَthe ones whoإِذَاwhenذُكِرَthe mention ofاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Exaltedوَجِلَتْtrembleقُلُوبُهُمْtheir hearts.
And those who fear their Lord are those who, when the mention of Allah, the Exalted, is made, their hearts tremble.
فَإِنْIf it is saidقِيلَit is said::فَخُشُوعٌthen humilityالْقَلْبِof the heartلِذِكْرِfor the remembrance ofاللَّهِAllahوَمَاand whatنُزِلَwas revealedمِنَfromالْحَقِّthe truthوَاجِبٌis obligatory,قِيلَit is said::نَعَمْYes,لَـٰكِنَّbutالنَّاسَthe peopleفِيْهِin itعَلَىare inقِسْمَيْنِtwo categories:مُقَتَصِدٌthe moderateوَسَابِقٌand the foremost,فَالسَّابِقُونَand the foremost areيَخْتَصُونَspecialبِالْمُسْتَحَبَّاتِin the recommended acts,وَالْمُقَتَصِدُونَand the moderatesالأَبْرَارُthe righteousهُمْareعُمُومُthe generalالْمُؤْمِنِينَbelieversالْمُسْتَحِقِّينَworthy ofلِلْجَنَّةِParadise,وَمَنand whoeverلَمْis notيَكُنْamongمِنْthem,هَـٰؤُلَـٰئِكَorوَلَاthese,هَـٰؤُلَـٰئِكَhe isفَهُوَisظَالِمٌan oppressorلِنَفْسِهِto himself.
If it is said: then the humility of the heart for the remembrance of Allah and what was revealed from the truth is obligatory, it is said: Yes, but the people are in two categories: the moderate and the foremost; and the foremost are special in recommended acts, and the moderates, the righteous are the general believers worthy of Paradise; and whoever is not among these or those, he is an oppressor to himself.
وَفِيAnd inالْحَدِيثِthe authentic hadithالصَّحِيحِcorrectعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ:اللَّهُمَّO Allah,إِنِّيIأَعُوذُseek refugeبِكَwith Youمِنْfromعِلْمٍknowledgeلَاthat is notيَنْفَعُbeneficial,وَقَلْبٍand a heartلَاthat does notيَخْشَعُhumble,وَنَفْسٍand a soulلَاthat does notتَشْبَعُsatisfy,وَدُعَاءٍand a supplicationلَاthat is notيُسْمَعُheard.
And in the authentic hadith from the Prophet (ﷺ): 'O Allah, I seek refuge with You from knowledge that is not beneficial, from a heart that does not humble, from a soul that does not satisfy, and from a supplication that is not heard.'
وَقَدْAnd Allahذَمَّcriticizedقَسْوَةَthe hardnessالْقُلُوبِof the heartsالْمُنَافِيَةِthat contradictsلِلْخُشُوعِhumilityفِيinغَيْرِother thanمَوْضِعٍplaces,فَقَالَHe said:تَعَالَىthe Exalted,::تَمَّ'Indeedقَسَتْthe hearts have hardenedقُلُوبُكُمْyour heartsمِّنْafterبَعْدِthatذَلِكَso they are likeفَهِيَthe stonesكَالْحِجَارَةِor greater hardness.أَوْorأَشَدُّmore severe.قَسْوَةٌin hardness.'
And Allah has criticized the hardness of the hearts that contradict humility in other places, and He said, the Exalted: 'Indeed, your hearts have hardened after that; they are like stones or greater in hardness.'
قَالَHe saidالزُجاجُAl-Zajjaj::قَسَتْHardnessفِيinاللُّغَةِthe language:غَلَظَتْIt thickenedوَيَبِسَتْand driedوَعَسَتْand became severe;فَقَسْوَةٌso the hardnessالْقَلْبِof the heartذَهَابٌis the departureاللِّيْنِof tendernessوَالرَّحْمَةِand mercyوَالخُشُوعِand humilityمِنْهَاfrom it;وَالْقَاسِيand the hard-heartedوَالْعَاسِيand harshالشَّدِيدُthe strong and tough.الْصَّلَابَةُIt lacks softness.
Al-Zajjaj said: 'Hardness is in the language: it thickened and dried and became severe; so the hardness of the heart is the departure of tenderness, mercy, and humility from it; and the hard-hearted and harsh are very tough.'
وَقَالَAnd Ibn Qutaybah said:قَسَتْHardness,وَعَسَتْand dryness,وَعَتَتْand a strong deficiencyأَيthat is of a realmيَبِسَتْand dryness.وَقُوَّةُAnd the strengthالْقَلْبِof the heartالمَحْمُودَةِthat is praisedغَيْرُis notقَسْوَتَهَاits hardnessالْمَذْمُومَةِthat is condemned,فَإِنَّهُfor itيَنْبَغِيit is necessaryأَنْthatيَكُونَit should beقَوِيًّاstrongمِنْwithoutغَيْرِbeing aggressive,وَلِينًَاand softمِنْwithoutغَيْرِbeing weak.وَفِيAnd inالْأَثَرِthe narration:الْقُلُوبُthe heartsآِنَةٌare the vesselsاللَّهِof AllahفِيonأَرْضِهِHis earth,فَأَحَبَّهَاso He lovesإِلَىthe mostاللَّهِAllahأَصْلَبَهَاthe toughestوَأَرَقَّهَاand the softestوَأَصْفَاهَاand the purest.
And Ibn Qutaybah said: 'Hardness, dryness, and strong deficiency—that is dryness. And the strength of the heart that is praised is not its hardness that is condemned, for it is necessary that it should be strong without being aggressive, and soft without being weak.' And in the narration: 'The hearts are the vessels of Allah on His earth, so He loves the toughest, the softest, and the purest of them.'
وَهَـٰذَاAnd thisكَالْيَدِis like the handفَإِنَّهَاfor it isقَوِيَّةٌstrongلَـيِّنَةٌand soft,بِخِلَافِunlikeمَاthat whichيَقْسُوhardensمِنَofالْعَقِبِthe heel;فَإِنَّهُfor it isيَابِسٌdryلَاnotلَيِّنٌsoft in itوَإِنْand thoughكَانَit containsفِيْهِstrength,وَهُوَand itسُبْحَانَهُthe Exaltedذُكِرَmentionedوَجُلَّand humbledالْقَلْبَthe heartمِنْfromذِكْرِهِHis mention;ثُمَّthenذُكِرَتْmentionedزِيَادَةُthe increaseالإِيمَانِin faithعِندَwhenتِلَاوَةِrecitingكِتَابِهِHis Bookعِلْمًاwith knowledgeوَعَمَلًاand deeds.
And this is like the hand, for it is strong and soft, unlike that which hardens from the heel; for it is dry and not soft in it, and though it contains strength, and He, the Exalted, mentioned and humbled the heart from His mention; then He mentioned the increase in faith when reciting His Book with knowledge and deeds.
ثُمَّThenلَاthere is noبُدَّway butمِنَtoالتَّوَكُّلِrelyعَلَىonاللَّهِAllahفِيْمَاin whatلَاcannotيُقَدَّرُbe done,وَمِنْand fromطَاعَتِهِHis obedienceفِيْمَاin whatيُقَدَّرُcan be done,وَأَصْلُand the root of thatذَٰلِكَisالصَّلَاةُthe prayerوَالزَّكَاةُand zakat,فَمَنwhoeverقَامَestablishesبِهَذِهِtheseالْخَمْسِfiveكَمَاasأُمِرَcommanded,لَزِمَis necessaryأَنْtoيَأْتِيَcomeبِسَائِرِwith allالْوَاجِبَاتِthe obligations,بَلْratherالصَّلَاةُthe prayerنَفْسُهَاitselfإِذَاifفَعَلَهَاhe performs itكَمَاasأُمِرَcommandedفَهِيَitتَنْهَىprohibitsعَنْagainstالْفَحْشَاءِimmorality.
Then there is no way but to rely on Allah in what cannot be done, and from His obedience in what can be done; and the root of that is the prayer and zakat. Whoever establishes these five acts as commanded, it is necessary for him to come with all the obligations. Rather, the prayer itself, if he performs it as commanded, prohibits against immorality.