جَعَلَmadeالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)الإِسْلَامَIslamاسْمًاa nameلِمَاfor whatظَهَرَappearedمِنَofالأَعْمَالِ،actions,وَجَعَلَand madeالإِيمَانَfaithاسْمًاa nameلِمَاfor whatبَطَنَwas hiddenمِنَofالِاعْتِقَادِ،belief,وَلَيْسَand it is notذَٰلِكَthat(۱)(1)لِأَنَّbecauseالأَعْمَالَactionsلَيْسَتْare notمِنَofالإِيمَانِ،faith,أَوْorالتَّصْدِيقِthe beliefبِالْقَلْبِin the heartلَيْسَis notمِنَofالإِسْلَامِ،Islam,بَلْbutذَٰلِكَthatتَفْصِيلٌis a detailلِجُمْلَةِof the whole(٢).(2).هِيَIt isكُلُّهَاallشَيءٌone thingواحِدٌ،one,وَجَمَاعَهَاand their gatheringالدِّينُ،is religion,وَلِذَلِكَand thereforeقَالَ :he said:«هَذَاThisجِبْرِيلُGabrielجَاءَكُمْhas come to youيُعَلِّمُكُمْteaching youدِينَكُمْ»،your religion,وَالتَّصْدِيقُand beliefوَالْعَمَلُand deedsيَتَنَاوَلُهُمَاinclude them bothاسْمُthe nameالإِسْلَامِIslamوَالإِيمَانِand faithجَمِيعًا،together,يَدُلُّis indicatedعَلَيْهِby itقَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَى :the Most High:هُوَIndeedإنَّthatالَّذِينَthoseعِندَwithاللَّهِAllahالإِسْلَامُ﴾Islam"[آل[AalعِمْرَانَImran(۱۹](19]وَقَوْلُهُand His sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿وَرَضِيتُAnd I am pleasedلَكُمْfor youالإِسْلَامَIslamدِينًا ﴾as a religion"[المَائِدَةِ[Al-Maida3]3]وَقَوْلُهُ:And His saying:﴿وَمَنAnd whoeverيَبْتَغِيseeksغَيْرَother thanالإِسْلَامِIslamدِينًاas a religionفَلَنْthen will notيُقْبَلَbe acceptedمِنْهُfrom him﴾"},{[آل[AalعِمْرَانَImran: ٨٥]: 85]فَبَيَّنَHe made clearأَنَّthatالدِّينَthe religionالَّذِيwhichرَضِيَهُHe acceptedوَيَقْبَلُهُand acceptsمِنْfromعِبَادِهِHis servantsهُوَisالإِسْلَامَ،Islam,وَلَاand notيَكُونَwill beالدِّينُthe religionفِيinمَحَلِّthe placeالرِّضَاof acceptanceوَالْقَبُولِand approvalإِلَّاexceptبِانْضِمَامِby the joiningالتَّصْدِيقِof beliefإِلَىtoالْعَمَلِ.deeds.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) made Islam a name for what appeared of actions, and made faith a name for what was hidden of belief, and it is not (1) because actions are not part of faith, or belief in the heart is not part of Islam, but that is a clarification of the phrase (2). They are all one thing, and their gathering is religion, and therefore he said: "This is Gabriel coming to you to teach you your religion," and belief and deeds are both encompassed by the names of Islam and faith.
قُلْتُ :I said:تَفْرِيقٌThe distinctionالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)فِيinحَدِيثِthe hadithجِبْرِيلَof Gabrielوَإنْand ifاِقْتَضَىit necessitatedأَنَّthatالأَعْلَىthe highestهُوَisالإِحْسَانُexcellenceوَالْإِحْسَانُand excellenceيَتَضَمَّنُincludesالإِيمَانَfaithوَandالإِيمَانُfaithيَتَضَمَّنُincludesالإِسْلَامَ،Islam,فَلَاdoes notيَدُلُّindicateعَلَىtowardsالْعَكْسِ،the opposite,وَلَوْand ifقَدَّرَit was assumedأَنَّهُthatدَلَّit indicatedعَلَىtowardsالتَّلاَزُمِthe correlationفَهُوَit isصَرِيحٌclearبِأَنَّthatمَسْمَّىthe designationهَذَاthisلَيْسَis notمَسْمَّىthe designationهَذَا،this,لَكِنَّbutالتَّحْقِيقَthe verificationأَنَّthatالدَّلَالةَthe indicationتَخْتَلِفُdifferبِالنَّظَرِby the abstractingوَالِاقْتِرَانِand conjunctionكَمَاasقَدْhasبَيَّنَّا،been indicated,وَمَنand whoeverفَهِمَunderstandsهَذَاthisانْحَلَّتْthe complications clearedعَنْهُfrom himإِشْكَالاتٌissuesكَثِيرَةٌmanyفِيinكثيرٍmanyمِنَofالْمَوَاضِعِthe placesحَادَstrayعَنْهَاfrom itطَوَائِفٌ،sect,مَسْأَلَةٌissueالإِيمَانِ،faith,وَغَيْرَهَاand othersوَمَاand whatذَكَرَهُhe mentionedمِنَofأَنَّthatالدِّينَthe religionلَاis notيَكُونَbeفِيinمَحَلِّthe placeالرَّاضِيof acceptanceوَالْقَبُولِand approvalإِلَّاexceptبِانْضِمَامِby joiningالتَّصْدِيقِthe beliefإِلَىtoالْعَمَلِ.the actions.يَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهُit is necessaryلَاnotبِدٌwithoutمَعَwithالْعَمَلِthe actionsمِنَfromالإِيمَانِ،faith,فَهَذَاthisيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthe necessityوُجُوبِof faithالإِيمَانِfaithمُطْلَقًا،in general,لَكِنَّbutلَاnotيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatالْعَمَلَthe practiceالَّذِيwhichهُوَisالدِّينُ،the religion,لَيْسَis notاسْمُهُnamedإِسْلَامًا،Islam,وَإِذَاand ifكَانَit isالإِيمَانُthe faithشَرْطًاa conditionفِيinقَبُولِهِacceptanceلَمْnotيَلْزَمْit is necessaryأَنْto beيَكُونَto beمَلَازِمًاaccompany itلَهُ،to it,وَلَوْeven ifكَانَit isمَلَازِمًاaccompanying itلَهُfor itلَمْit is notيَلْزَمْnecessaryأَنْto beجُزْءًاa partمَسْمَّى.of the designation.
I said: The distinction of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the hadith of Gabriel, even if it necessitated that the highest is excellence, and excellence includes faith, and faith includes Islam, does not indicate the opposite, and if it was assumed that it indicated correlation, it is clear that the designation of this is not the designation of that, but the verification is that the indication differs by abstracting and conjunction as we have indicated, and whoever understands this, the complications will clear from it many issues in many places that many sects have strayed from it, the matter of faith, and others. And what he mentioned that religion is not accepted in the place of approval and acceptance except by the joining of belief to action indicates that it is necessary to have faith together with action; so this indicates the necessity of faith in general, but it does not indicate that action which is the religion is not named Islam. And if faith is a condition for acceptance, it does not necessarily have to accompany it; and even if it were to accompany it, it is not necessary to be a part of the designation.
وَقَالَAnd saidالشَّيْخُthe SheikhأَبُوAbuعَمْرٍوAmrابْنُIbnالصَّلاحِ:Al-Salah:قَوْلُهُ :His saying:الإِسْلَامُIslamأَنْthatتَشْهَدَyou testifyأَنْthatلَاthere is noإِلَهَdeityإِلَّاexceptاللَّهُAllahإِلَىtoآخِرِه،the end,وَالْإِيمَانُand beliefأَنْthatتُؤْمِنَyou believeبِاللَّهِin Allahوَمَلَائِكَتِهِand His angelsوَكُتُبِهِand His Booksوَرُسُلِهِand His messengersإِلَىtoآخِرِه،the end,قَالَ :He said:هَذَاthisبَيَانٌis a statementلِأَصْلِof the originالإِيمَانِof faithوَهُوَand it isالتَّصْدِيقُthe beliefالْبَاطِنُ،the internal,وَبَيَانٌand a statementلِأَصْلِfor the rootالإِسْلَامِ،of Islam,وَهُوَand it isالِاسْتِسْلَامُsurrenderوَالِانْقِيَادُand submissionالظَّاهِرُ،the external,وَحُكْمُand the ruleالإِسْلَامِIslamفِيuponالظَّاهِرِthe externalيُثْبَتُis establishedبِالشَّهَادَتَيْنِ،by the two testimonies,(۱)(1)فِيinالْمَطْبُوعِthe printed(كَذَلِكَ)(thus)وَهُوَand it isخَطَأٌa mistakeوَالتَّصْوِيبُand the correctionمِنْfromشَرْحِexplanationالسُّنَّةِ.the Sunnah.(۲)(2)فِيinالْمَطْبُوعِthe printed«الجُمْلَة»."the phrase."
And the Sheikh Abu Amr Ibn Al-Salah said: His saying: Islam is to testify that there is no deity except Allah, and faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers, to the end. He said: This is a statement of the origin of faith, which is the internal belief, and a statement of the origin of Islam, which is apparent surrender and submission. The ruling of Islam on the outside is established by the two testimonies.