مِمَّاOf whatيُوقِعُهُمُcauses themالشَّيْطَانُthe devilفِيهِto fall into itبِالْإِغْوَاءِby temptationوَهُوَand it isالتَّوْبَةُrepentanceقَالَSaidتَعَالَىthe Exalted:لِعَذِّبَto punishاللَّهُAllahالْمُنَافِقِينَthe hypocritesوَالْمُنَافِقَاتِand the hypocrites (feminine)وَالْمُشْرِكِينَand the polytheistsوَالْمُشْرِكَاتِand the polytheists (feminine)وَيَتُوبَand He forgivesاللَّهُAllahعَلَىuponالْمُؤْمِنِينَthe believersوَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِand the believers (feminine)
Of what the devil causes them to fall into by temptation, and it is repentance. Allah, the Exalted, said: 'To punish the hypocrites and the hypocrites (feminine) and the polytheists and the polytheists (feminine), and Allah forgives the believers and the believers (feminine).'
وَقَدْAnd the decreeأَحَاطَhas encompassedبِهَذَاthisكُلِّهِallقَبْلَbeforeأَنthatيَكُونَit beوَإِبْلِيسَand Iblisأَصَرَّwas adamantعَلَىonالذَّنبِthe sinوَاحْتَجَّand arguedبِالْقَدَرِwith the decreeوَسَأَلَand askedالْإنْظَارَfor respiteلِيُهْلِكَto destroyغَيْرَهُothers,,وَآدَمَAnd Adamتَابَrepentedوَأَنَابَand returned,,وَقَالَand he saidهُوَheوَزَوْجَتُهُand his wife:رَبَّنَاAnd our Lordظَلَمْنَاwe have wrongedأَنفُسَنَاourselvesوَإِنand ifلَمْnotتَغْفِرْforgiveلَنَاusوَتَرْحَمْنَاand have mercy on usلَتَكُونَنَّsurely you will beمِنَofالْخَاسِرِينَthe losers
And the decree of Allah has encompassed all this before it be. And Iblis was adamant on the sin and argued with the decree and asked for respite to destroy others. And Adam repented and returned, and he said he and his wife: 'And our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy on us, surely we will be among the losers.'
فَتَابَSo Allah acceptedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهِupon him,,فَاجْتَبَاهُand chose himوَهَدَاهُand guided himوَأَنزَلَهُand sent him downإِلَىtoالْأَرْضِthe earthلِيَعْمَلَto workفِيهَاin itبِطَاعَتِهِby His obedience,,فَيَرْفَعَand He raisesبِذَلِكَwith thatدَرَجَتَهُhis rank,,وَيَكُونَand he will beدُخُولُهُhis enteringالْجَنَّةَparadiseبَعْدَafterهَذَاthisأَكْمَلَmore completeمِمَّاthan whatكَانَhe was،,فَمَنSo whoeverأَذْنَبَsinsمِنْfromأَوْلَادِthe childrenآدَمَof Adam,,فَاقْتَدَىthen followsبِأَبِيهِhis fatherآدَمَAdamفِيinالتَّوْبَةِrepentanceكَانَwasسَعِيدًاhappy،,وَإِذَاand ifتَابَhe repentsوَآمَنَand believesوَعَمِلَand doesصَالِحًاrighteous deedبَدَّلَAllah replacesلَهُfor himسِيِّئَاتِهِhis sinsحَسَنَاتٍwith good deeds،,وَكَانَand he wasبَعْدَafterالتَّوْبَةِrepentanceخَيْرًاbetterمِنْهُthan himقَبْلَbeforeالْخَطِيئَةِthe sin,,كَسَائِرِlike otherأَوْلِيَاءِfriends of Allahالْمُتَّقِينَthe pious
So Allah accepted his repentance, chose him, guided him, and sent him down to the earth to work in it by His obedience to raise his rank, and he will be more complete in his entry to paradise than he was before. So whoever sins from the children of Adam and follows his father Adam in repentance will be happy, and if he repents, believes, and does righteous deeds, Allah will replace his sins with good deeds, and he will be better after repentance than he was before the sin, like other friends of Allah who are pious.
وَمَنْAnd whoeverاتَّبَعَfollowsمِنْهُمْthemإِبْلِيسَIblisفَأَصَرَّand is adamantعَلَىonالذَّنْبِthe sinوَاحْتَجَّand arguesبِالْقَدَرِwith the decree،,وَأَرَادَand wantedأَنْtoيُغْوِيَmisleadغَيْرَهُothersكَانَwasمِنَamongالَّذِينَthose whoقَالَhe saidفِيهِمabout them:لَأَمْلَأَنَّI will surely fillجَهَنَّمَHellمِنْكَfrom youوَمِمَّنْand from those whoتَبِعَكَfollow youمِنْهُمْamong themأَجْمَعِينَall of them
And whoever follows Iblis and is adamant on the sin and argues with the decree, and wants to mislead others, he was among those about whom he said: 'I will surely fill Hell with you and those who follow you among them all.'
وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the aimهُنَاhereذِكْرُis to mentionالْقَدَرِthe decree,,وَقَدْand it hasثَبَتَbeen establishedفِيinصَحِيحِSahihمُسْلِمٍMuslimعَنْfromعَبْدِAbdاللَّهAllahبِنِbinعَمْرٍوAmrعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetأَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid:قَدْرُThe decreeاللَّهِof Allahمَقَادِيرُthe measuresالْخَلَائِقِof the creationsقَبْلَbeforeأَنHe createsيَخْلُقَcreatesالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensوَالْأَرْضَand the earthبِخَمْسِينَby fiftyأَلْفِthousandسَنَةٍyears,,وَكَانَand His throneعَرْشُهُwas uponالْمَاءِthe water,,وَفِيand inصَحِيحِSahihالْبُخَارِيِّBukhariعَنْfromعِمْرَانِImranابْنِbinحُصَيْنٍHusaynقَالَsaidقَالَthe Prophetرَسُولُthe Messengerاللَّهof AllahكَانَwasاللَّهُAllahوَلَمْand there was notيَكُنْanyشَيْءٌthingقَبْلَهُbefore Him,,وَكَانَand His throneعَرْشُهُwas uponالْمَاءِthe water,,وَكَتَبَand He wroteفِيinالذِّكْرِthe remembranceكُلَّeverythingشَيْءٍthing,,ثُمَّthenخَلَقَcreatedالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensوَالْأَرْضَand the earthوَفِيand inالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two Sahihsعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺpeace be upon himمِنْfromغَيْرِother thanوَجْهٍthe waysأَنَّهُthat heأَخْبَرَinformedأَنَّthatاللَّهُAllahقَدْhasعَلِمَknowledge ofأَهْلِthe peopleالْجَنَّةِof paradiseمِنْfromأَهْلِthe peopleالنَّارِof hell،,وَمَاand whatيَعْمَلُهُthey doالْعِبَادُthe servantsقَبْلَbeforeأَنْthatيَعْمَلُوهُthey work it
And the aim here is to mention the decree, and it has been established in Sahih Muslim from Abd Allah bin 'Amr from the Prophet that he said: 'The decree of Allah concerning the measures of the creations was established before He created the heavens and the earth by fifty thousand years, and His throne was upon the water.' And in Sahih Bukhari from Imran ibn Husayn said: 'The Messenger of Allah said: Allah was, and there was nothing before Him, and His throne was upon the water, and He wrote in the remembrance everything, then created the heavens and the earth.' And in the two Sahihs from the Prophet ﷺ through different ways, he informed that Allah has knowledge of the people of paradise from the people of hell, and what the servants do before they do it.
مَلَكًاA kingdomوَفِيAnd inالصَّحِيحَيْنِthe two SahihsعَنْfromعَبْدِAbdاللَّهAllahبِنَbinمَسْعُودٍMas'udإِنَّIndeedاللَّهُAllahيَبْعَثُsendsبَعْدَafterخَلْقِcreationالْجَسَدِthe body,,وَقَبْلَand beforeنَفْخِthe blowالرُّوحِof the soulفِيهِin it,,فَيَكْتُبُHe writesأَجَلَهُhis fateوَرِزْقَهُand his provisionوَعَمَلَهُand his deed،,وَشَقِيًّاand whether he is wretchedأَوْorسَعِيدًاhappy
And in the two Sahihs from Abd Allah bin Mas'ud: 'Indeed, Allah sends after the creation of the body, and before the blow of the soul into it, He writes his fate, his provision, and his deeds, and whether he is wretched or happy.'
وَهَذِهِAnd theseالْأَحَادِيثُhadithsتَأْتِيwill comeإِنْifشَاءَwillsاللَّهُAllahفِيinمَوَاضِعِهَاtheir places،,فَهَذَاthisالْقَدَرُdecreeهُوَisالَّذِيthe oneأَنْكَرَهُdeniedالْقَدَرِيَّةُthe Qadaritesالَّذِينَthe ones whoكَانُواwereفِيinأَوَاخِرِthe last partزَمَنِtimeالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsوَقَدْand it hasرُويَbeen narratedأَنْthatأَوَّلَthe firstمِنْamongابْتَدَعَهُintroduced itبِالْعِرَاقِin Iraqرَجُلٌa manمِنْfromأَهْلِthe peopleالْبَصْرَةِof Basraيُقَالُ لَهُcalledسِسَوَيْهSisawayhمِنْfromأَبْنَاءِthe sonsالْمَجُوسِof the Magians,,وَتَلَقَّاهُand he received itعَنْهُfrom himمَعْبَدٍM'abidالْجَهْنِيُّthe Jahni.
And these hadiths will come if Allah wills in their places. This decree is the one denied by the Qadarites who were in the last part of the time of the companions. And it has been narrated that the first to introduce it in Iraq was a man from the people of Basra called Sisawayh, from among the sons of the Magians, and he received it from M'abid the Jahni.
وَيُقَالُAnd it is said:أَوَّلُthe firstمَاwhatحَدَثَoccurredفِيinالْحِجَازِAl-Hijazلَمَّاwhenاحْتَرَقَتْthe Kaaba burnedالْكَعْبَةُthe Kaaba,,فَقَالَsaidرَجُلٌa manاحْتَرَقَتْburnedبِقَدْرِby the decreeاللَّهِAllahتَعَالَىthe Exaltedفَقَالَthen saidآخَرُanother:لَمْnotيَقُدِّرِdecreedاللَّهُAllahهَذَاthis,,وَلَمْand notيَكُنْbeعَلَىonعَهْدٍthe عهد
And it is said: the first thing that happened in Al-Hijaz when the Kaaba burned, a man said: 'It burned by the decree of Allah the Exalted,' then another said: 'Allah did not decree this, and it was not during the عهد.'