الخُلَفَاءُThe Caliphsالرَّاشِدُونَthe Rightly GuidedأَحَدٌOneيُنْكِرُdeniesالْقَدَرَdestinyفَلَمَّاSo whenابْتَدَعُواthey innovatedهَؤُلَاءِtheseالتَّكَذِيبَthe denialبِالْقَدَرِof destinyرَدَّهُrefuted itعَلَيْهِمْagainst themمِنْfromبَقِيَthose who remainedمِنْofالصَّحَابَةِthe companionsكَأَبْدِ اللهَlike Abdullahابْنِof AllahعُمَرَUmarوَأَبْدِ اللهَand AbdullahابْنِbinعَبَّاسٍAbbasوَوَائِلَةُand WailahابْنِbinالْأَسْقَعِAl-Asqaوَكَانَتْand most of them wereأَكْثَرُهُمْmostlyبَالبَصْرَةِin Basraوَالشَّامِand the Levantوَقَلِيلٌand a fewمِنْهُمْof themبِالْحِجَازِin Hijazفَأَكْثَرَtherefore mostكَلَامَof the speechالسَّلفِof the predecessorsفِيinذَمِّcondemnationهَؤُلَاءِtheseالْقَدَرِيَّةِQadarites,,وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonقَالَWaki' saidوَكِيعٌWaki' ابْنِbinالْجَرَّاحِAl-Jarrah::الْقَدَرِيَّةُThe Qadaritesيَقُولُونَthey say::الأَمْرُthe matterمُسْتَقْبَلٌis in the future,,وَإِنَّand thatاللَّهَAllahلَمْdid notيُقَدِّرْordainالْكِتَابَةَthe writingوَالْأَعْمَالَand the deedsوَالْمُرْجِئَةُand the Murji'ahيَقُولُونَthey say::الْقَوْلُthe statementيُجْزِئُis sufficientمِنَfromالْعَمَلِaction.. قَالَWaki' said::وَهُوَand it isكُلَّهُall of itكُفْرٌdisbeliefوَرَوَاهُand narrated itابْنُby IbnلكنButلَمَّاwhenاشْتَهَرَbecame well knownالْكَلَامُthe discourseفِيonالْقَدَرِdestiny,,وَدَخَلَand many enteredفِيهِinto itكَثِيرٌa lotمِنْofأَهْلِthe people ofالنَّظَرِspeculationوَالْعِبَادِand the worshippers,,صَارُواbecameجُمْهُورًاthe majorityالْقَدَرِيَّةِof the Qadaritesيُقِرُّونَthey affirmبِتَقَدُّمِthe precedence ofالْعِلْمِknowledge,,وَإِنَّمَاand they onlyيُنْكِرُونَdenyعُمُومَthe universality ofالْمَشِيَّةِthe willوَالْخَلْقِand creation.. وَعَنْAnd aboutعَمْرِوAmrابْنِbinعُبَيْدٍUbaidفِيinإِنْكَارِdenialالْكِتَابِof the earlier writingsالْمُتَقَدِّمِthe priorرَوَايَتَانِthere are two narrations.. وَقَوْلُAnd the sayingأُولَـئِكَof thoseكُفِّرَهُمْwere deemed disbelievers byمَالِكٍMalik,,وَالْشَّافِعِيِّand Al-Shafi'i,,وَأَحْمَدَand Ahmadوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersوَأَمَّاAnd as forهَؤُلَاءِtheseفَهُمْthey areمُبْتَدِعُونَinnovatorsضَالُّونَmisguided,,لَكِنَّهُمْbut they are notبِمَنْزِلَةٍequivalent toهَؤُلَاءِthose,,وَفِيand inهَؤُلَاءِthemخَلْقٍa great numberكَثِيرٍof manyمِنَofالْعُلَمَاءِthe scholarsوَالْعَبَادِand the worshippersكَتَبُواwroteعَنْهُمْabout themالْعِلْمَknowledge,,وَأَخْرَجَand brought outالْبُخَارِيُAl-Bukhariوَمُسْلِمٌand Muslimالْجَمَاعَةَthe groupمِنْهُمْof them,,لَكِنَّbutمَنْwhoكَانَwasدَاعِيَةًan evangelistإِلَيْهِto itلَمْthey did notيُخْرِجُواbring outلَهُfor him,,وَهَذَاand thisمَذْهَبٌis the doctrine ofفُقَهَاءِthe jurists ofأَهْلِthe people ofالْحَدِيثِhadithكَأَحْمَدَlike Ahmadوَغَيْرِهِand others::أَنَّthatمَنْwhoeverكَانَwasدَاعِيَةًan evangelistإِلَىtoبِدْعَةٍan innovation,,فَإِنَّهُthen heيَسْتَحِقُّdeservesالْعُقُوبَةَpunishmentلِدَفْعِto preventضَرَرِهِhis harmعَنْfromالنَّاسِthe peopleوَإِنْeven ifكَانَhe wasفِيinالْبَاطِنِsecretlyمُجْتَهِدًاan earnest jurist,,وَأَقَلُّand the leastعُقُوبَتِهِof his punishmentأَنْis toيُهْجَرَbe avoided,,فَلَاso that notيَكُونَbecomeلَهُfor himمَرْتَبَةٌa positionفِيinالدِّينِthe religionلَاnoneيُؤْخَذُis takenعَنْهُfrom himالعِلْمُknowledgeوَلَاand notيُسْتَقْضَىis required,,وَلَاand notتُقْبَلُacceptedشَهَادَتُهُhis testimonyوَنَحْوَand similarذَٰلِكَto that.. وَمَذْهَبٌAnd the doctrine ofمَالِكٍMalikقَرِيبٌis closeمِنْtoهَذَاthis,,وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonلَمْdid notيُخْرِجُواbring outأَهْلُthe people ofالصَّحِيحِthe authenticلِمَنْfor whoeverكَانَwasدَاعِيَةًan evangelist,,وَلَـكِنَbut,,رَوَوْاthey narrated,,هُمْtheyوَسَائِرُand the rest ofأَهْلِthe people ofالعِلْمِknowledgeعَنْaboutكَثِيرٍmanyمِمَّنْof those whoكَانُواwereيَرَىseeingفِيinالْبَاطِنِsecretlyرَأْيُthe opinion ofالْقَدَرِيَّةِthe Qadaritesوَالْمُرْجِئَةِand the Murji'ahوَالْخَوَارِجِand the Khawarijوَالشِّيَعَةِand the Shi’ah.. وَقَالَAnd Ahmad said::لَوْIfتَرَكْنَاwe leftالرِّوَايَةَthe narrationعَنْaboutالْقَدَرِيَّةِthe Qadaritesلَتَرَكْنَاwe would have leftأَكْثَرَmost ofأَهْلِthe people ofالْبَصْرَةِBasra,,وَهَذَاand thisلِأَنَّbecauseمَسْأَلَةٌthe issue ofخَلْقِcreatingأَفْعَالِthe actionsالْعِبَادِof the servantsوَإِرَادَةِand the will ofالْكَائِنَاتِthe beingsمَسْأَلَةٌis a significant issueمُشْكِلَةٌof problem,,وَكَمَاand just asأَنَّthatالْقَدَرِيَّةُthe Qadaritesمِنَofالْمُعْتَزِلَةِthe Mu'tazilitesوَغَيْرِهِمْand othersأَخْطَأُواerredفِيهاin this,,فَقَدْmany of themأَخْطَأَmade errorsفِيهاin itكَثِيرٌmanyمِمَّنْof whomرَدَّrebuffedعَلَيْهِمْagainst themأَوْorأَكْثَرُهُمْmost of them,,فَإِنَّهُمْfor theyسَلَكَadoptedفِيinالرَّدِّrebuffingعَلَيْهِمْagainst themمَسْلَكَa methodجَهْمِJahmابْنِbinصَفْوَانَSafwanوَأَتْبَاعِهِand his followers,,فَنَفَوْاthey deniedحِكْمَةَthe wisdomاللَّهِof AllahفِيinخَلْقِهِHis creationوَأَمْرِهِand His command,,وَنَفَوْاand deniedرَحْمَتَهُHis mercyبِعِبَادِهِto His servantsوَنَفَوْاand deniedمَاwhatجَعَلَهُHe has madeمِنَofالْأَسْبَابِthe causesخَلْقًاas creationوَأَمْرًاand command
The Rightly Guided Caliphs deny destiny. So when these individuals innovated the denial of destiny, it was refuted by those who remained of the companions, like Abdullah bin Umar, Abdullah bin Abbas, and Wailah bin Al-Asqa. Most of them were in Basra and the Levant, and a few were in Hijaz. Therefore, most of the predecessors' speech condemned these Qadarites. And Waki' bin Al-Jarrah said: The Qadarites say: ‘The matter is future-oriented, and Allah did not ordain the writing and the deeds.' And the Murji'ah say: ‘The statement suffices from action,' and the Jahmites say: ‘Knowledge suffices from statement and action.' Waki' said: ‘And all of this is disbelief.' It was narrated by Ibn... But when the discourse on destiny became widespread, and many from the people of speculation and the worshippers entered into it, the majority of the Qadarites affirmed the precedence of knowledge, but they denied the universality of will and creation. And about Amr bin Ubaid’s denial of prior scripture, there are two narrations. And the saying of those individuals deemed them disbelievers according to Malik, Al-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and others. And as for these, they are innovators and misguided, but they are not at the same level as those. And in these, there are many scholars and worshippers from whom knowledge was written. Al-Bukhari and Muslim brought out the group of them, but whoever was an evangelist for it, they never brought out for him. And this is the doctrine of the jurists of hadith, like Ahmad and others: that whoever is an evangelist to innovation deserves punishment to prevent his harm from the people, and even if he was secretly earnest, the least of his punishment is to be avoided, so that he does not attain a rank in the religion. Knowledge should not be taken from him and his testimony should not be accepted, and the like. And the opinion of Malik is similar to this, and therefore the people of authentic hadith did not bring forth for whoever was an evangelist. But they narrated, they and the rest of the people of knowledge, about many who secretly held the opinions of the Qadarites, the Murji'ah, the Khawarij, and the Shi’ah. And Ahmad said: ‘If we left the narration from the Qadarites, we would leave most of the people of Basra.’ This is because the issue of creating the actions of the servants and the will of beings is a problematic issue, and just as the Qadarites from the Mu'tazilites and others erred in it, many who rebutted against them also erred in it, for they adopted the method of Jahm bin Safwan and his followers, denying the wisdom of Allah in His creation and command, and denying His mercy to His servants, and denying what He established as causes for creation and command.