وَالمَكْرُوحَةُAnd the dislikedمُسْتَقْبَلَةٌ،is anticipated,فَهُوَfor heيَرْجُوhopesأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beاللَّـهُAllahتَقْبَلُacceptsعَمَلَهُhis workفَيُثِيبَهُthereby rewarding himعَلَيْهِ،for it,فَيَرْحَمَهُand have mercy on himفِيinالمُسْتَقْبَلِ،the future,وَيَخَافُand he fearsأَنْthatلاnotيَكُونَit will beتَقْبَلُهُhis acceptanceفَيُحْرَمَ،and thus deprives him,ثَوَابَهُof his rewardكَمَاasيَخَافُhe fearsأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beاللَّـهُAllahقَدْhasسَخِطَangeredعَلَيْهِhimفِيinمَعْصِيَتِهِhis disobedienceفَيُعَاقِبَهُand punishes himعَلَيْهَا.for it.
And the disliked (things) are anticipated, for he hopes that Allah will accept his work, rewarding him for it, and have mercy on him in the future, and he fears that his acceptance may not occur, depriving him of his reward, just as he fears that Allah may have been angered with him because of his disobedience and punishes him for it.
وَإِذَاAnd whenكَانَthere isالْإِنْسَانُa manيَسْعَىstrivesفِيمَاfor whatيَطْلُبُهُhe seeksكَتَاجِرٍlike a traderأَوْorبَرِيدٍa courierأَرْسَلَهُhe sent himفِيinحَاجَتِهِhis needيُقْضِيَهَاto fulfill itفِيinبَعْضِsomeالْأَوْقَاتِ،times,فَإِذَاand whenمَضَىthe time passesذَاكَthatالْوَقْتُtimeيَقُولُ :he says:أَرْجُوI hopeأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beفُلَانٌso-and-soقَدْhasقَضَىfulfilledذَاكَthatالْأَمْرَ،matter,وَقَضَاؤُهُand his fulfillmentمَاضٍis in the pastلَكِنَّbutمَاwhatيَحْصُلُis achievedلِهَذَاfor thisمِنْofالْفَرَحِhappinessوَالْسُّرُورِ،and joy,وَغَيْرِand otherذَاكَthatمِنْofمَقَاصِدِهِhis purposesمُسْتَقْبَلٌ،is future,وَيَقُولُand he saysالْإِنْسَانُa manفِيat the timeالَّذِيwhenجَرَتْit has become customaryعَادَةُthe habitالْحَاجِّof pilgrimsبِدُخُولِهِمenteringإِلَىtoمَكَّةَ :Mecca:أَرْجُوI hopeأَنْthatيَكُونُواthey areدَخَلُوا،have entered,وَيَقُولُand saysفِيinسَرِّيَّةٍthe secrecyبَعَثْتُI sentإِلَىtoالْكُفَّارِ :the disbelievers:نَرْجُوwe hopeأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beاللَّـهُAllahقَدْhasنَصَرَgranted victoryالْمُؤْمِنِينَto the believersوَغَنِمَهُمْand made them victoriousوَيُقَالُand it is saidفِيinنَيْلِthe Nileمِصْرَof Egyptعِندَat the time ofوَقْتِthe timeارْتِفَاعِهِ :of its rising:نَرْجُوwe hopeأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beقَدْhasصَعِدَrisenالنِّيلُ،the Nile,كَمَاasيَقُولُsaysالْحَاضِرُthe present personفِيinمِصْرَEgyptمِثْلَlikeهَذَاthisالْوَقْتَ:time:نَرْجُوwe hopeأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beالنِّيلُthe Nileهَذَاthisالْعَامَyearنَيْلاًa Nileمُرْتَفِعًا،elevated,وَيُقَالُand it is saidلِمَنْto whomلَهُthis hasأَرْضٌlandيَجِبُshouldأَنْthatتُمْطِرَit rainsإِذَاifمَطَرَتْit rainsبَعْضُsomeالنَّوَاحِيareasأَرْجُوI hopeأَنْthatيَكُونَit isالْمَطَرُthe rainعَامًا،general,وَأَرْجُوand I hopeأَنْthatيَكُونَit will beقَدْhasمَطَرَتْrainedالْأَرْضُthe landالْفِلَانِيَّةُ،of that specific one,وَذَاكَand thatلَأَنَّbecauseالْمَرْجُوَّthe hoped-forهُوَisمَاwhatيُفَرِّحُmakes happyبِوُجُودِهِits existenceوَيُسَرُّهُ،and pleases,وَالمَكْرُوهُand the dislikedمَاwhatيُتَأَلَّمُcauses painبِوُجُودِهِ.from its existence.
And when a man strives for what he seeks, like a trader or a courier he sent in his need to fulfill it at some times, when that time passes, he says: I hope that so-and-so has fulfilled that matter, and his fulfillment is in the past; but what is achieved for this from happiness and joy, and other than that from his purposes is future, and a man says at the time when it has become customary for pilgrims to enter Mecca: I hope they have entered, and he says in the secrecy sent to the disbelievers: we hope that Allah has granted victory to the believers and made them victorious, and it is said in the Nile of Egypt at the time of its rising: we hope that the Nile has risen, as the present person in Egypt would say at this time: we hope that the Nile this year is elevated, and it is said to someone who has land that should be rained upon if some areas have rained: I hope that the rain is general, and I hope that the specific land has also rained, because the hoped-for is what makes one happy with its existence and pleases him, while the disliked is what causes pain from its existence.
وَهَذَاAnd thisيَتَعَلَّقُrelatesبِالْعِلْمِto knowledgeوَالْعِلْمُand knowledgeبِذَلِكَof thatمُسْتَقْبَلٌ،is future,فَإِذَاwhenعَلِمَhe knowsأَنَّthatالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslimsانْتَصَرُوا،have gained victory,وَالْحَاجُّand the pilgrimsقَدْhaveدَخَلُوا،entered,أَوْorالْمَطَرُthe rainقَدْhasنَزَلَ،descended,فَرِحَhe rejoicesبِذَلِكَ،in this,وَحَصَلَand he attainsبِهِwith itمَقَاصِدَpurposesأُخَرَotherلَهُ،for him,وَإِذَاand whenكَانَthere isالأَمْرُthe matterبِخِلَافِis contrary toذَلِكَ،that,لَمْnotيَحْصُلْachieveذَلِكَthatالْمُحَبَّوبُbelovedالْمَطْلُوبُ،desired,فَيَقُولُ:he says:أَرْجُوI hopeوَأَخَافُand I fearلِأَنَّbecauseالْمُحَبَّوبَthe belovedوَالْمَكْرُوهَand the dislikedمَتَعَلِّقَانِare relatedبِالْعِلْمِto knowledgeبِذَلِكَof thatوَهُوَand it isمُسْتَقْبَلٌ،future,وَكَذَلِكَand likewiseالْمَطْلُوبُthe desiredبِالْإِيمَانِby faithمِنْofالسَّعَادَةِhappinessوَالنَّجَاةِand salvationهُوَisأَمْرٌmatterمُسْتَقْبَلٌfutureفَيُسْتَثْنَىand is distinguishedفِيinالحَاضِرِthe presentبِذَلِكَ،with that,لِأَنَّbecauseالْمَطْلُوبَthe desiredبِهِisمُسْتَقْبَلٌ،future,ثُمَّthenكُلُّallمَطْلُوبٍ،that is desired,مُسْتَقْبَلٌ،is future,تَعَلَّقَis connectedبِمَشِيئَةِto the willاللَّـهِof Allahوَإِنْeven ifجَزَمَhe is certainبِوُجُودِه،of its existence,لأَنَّهُbecauseلَاthere is noيَكُونَit isمُسْتَقْبَلٌfutureإِلَّاexceptبِمَشِيئَةِby the willاللَّـهِ .of Allah.
And this relates to knowledge, and knowledge of that is future. When he knows that the Muslims have gained victory, and the pilgrims have entered, or the rain has descended, he rejoices in this, and achieves other purposes with it. When the matter is contrary to that, and he does not achieve that beloved desired, he says: I hope and I fear, because the beloved and the disliked are related to knowledge of that and it is future. Likewise, the desired by faith of happiness and salvation is a future matter, that is distinguished in the present for the desired is future. Then all that which is desired is future and is connected to the will of Allah, even if he is certain of its existence, because there is no future unless by the will of Allah.
فَقَوْلُنَا :Thus our saying:يَكُونُit will beهَذَاthisإنْ شَاءَ اللَّـهُif Allah willsحَقٌّ،is indeed true,فَإِنَّهُfor it isلَاnotيَكُونُit will beإِلَّاexceptإنْ شَاءَ اللَّـهُ،if Allah wills,وَالْشَّكُّand the doubtوَالْلَّفْظُand the wordلَيْسَis notفِيْهِin itإِلَّاanything butالتَّعْلِيقُthe conditional statementوَلَيْسَand it is notمِنْfromضَرُورَةِthe necessityالتَّعْلِيقِof the conditional statementالشَّكِ،the doubt,بَلْratherهَذَاthisبِحَسَبِis based onعِلْمِthe knowledgeالْمُتَكَلِّمِ،of the speaker,فَتَارَةًat timesيَكُونُit isشَاكًّا،doubtful,وَتَارَةًand at timesلَاnotيَكُونُit isشَاكًّا،doubtful,فَلَمَّاso whenكَانَthere isالشَّكُّthe doubtيُصَاحِبُهَاis often associated with itكَثِيرًاa lotلِعَدَمِdue to lackعِلْمِof knowledgeالْإِنْسَانِthe humanبِالْعَوَاقِبِof the outcomesظَنَّhe assumesالظَّانُّthe one who assumesأَنْthatالشَّكُّdoubtدَاخِلٌis includedفِيinمَعْنَاهَا،its meaning,
Thus our saying: this will be, if Allah wills, is indeed true, for it will not be except if Allah wills. The doubt and the word contain anything but the conditional statement, and it is not a necessity of the conditional statement to have doubt. Rather, this is based on the knowledge of the speaker; at times it is doubtful, and at times it is not doubtful. When doubt is often associated with it due to the lack of knowledge of the outcomes, the one who assumes may think that doubt is included in its meaning.