أَنَّThatيُعَلِّقَhe attachesبِـwith«إِنَّ»‘If’وَإِنَّمَاbutعَلَّقَhe attachedبِـwith«إِنَّ مَا سَيَكُونُ‘What will be’،,وَكَانَand wasهَذَاthisوَعْدًاa promiseمَجْزُومًاfirmlyبِهِ،upon it,وَلِهَذَاand for this
That he attached with ‘If’ but he actually attached with ‘What will be’, and this was a firmly established promise.
لِلنَّبِيِّTo the Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)عَامَthe yearالْحُدَيْبِيَةِof Al-Hudaybiyah::أَلَمْDid notتَكُنْyou beتَحْدُثْنَاtell usأَنَّاthat weنَأْتِيَcomeالْبَيْتَto the House (Kaaba)وَنَطُوفَand perform tawaf around itبِهِ؟it?
To the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the year of Al-Hudaybiyah: Did you not tell us that we would come to the House and perform tawaf around it?
لَمَّاWhenقَالَsaidعُمَرُOmarقَالَ:he said:بَلَى،Yes,أَقُلْتَdid I not sayلَكَto you:إِنَّكَthat youتَأْتِينِيَهwould come to itهَذَاthisالْعَامَ؟year?
When Omar said: Yes, did I not say to you: You would come to it this year?
قَالَ:He said:لَا،No,قَالَ:he said:«فَإِنَّكَ‘For indeed, youآتِيَهwill come to itوَمَطُوفًاand perform tawafبِهِaround it (1).
He said: No, he said: ‘For indeed, you will come to it and perform tawaf around it.'
فَإِنْIfقِيلَ:it is said:لِمَWhyلَمْdid notيُعَلِّقْattachغَيْرَotherهَذَاthisمِنَfromمَوَاعِيدِthe promisesالْقُرْآنِ؟of the Quran?
If it is said: Why did it not attach other than this from the promises of the Quran?
قِيلَ:It is said:لِأَنَّBecauseهَذِهِthisالْآيَةُverseنَزَلَتْwas revealedبَعْدَafterمَرْجِعِthe returnالنَّبِيِّof the Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)مِنَfromالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ،Al-Hudaybiyah,وَكَانُواand they wereقَدْindeedاعْتَمَرُواperformed Umrahذَلِكَthatالْعَامَyearوَاجْتَهَدُواand strivedفِيinالدُّخُولِenteringفَصَدَّهُمُbut they were stoppedالْمُشْرِكُونَthe polytheistsفَرَجَعُواand they returnedوَبِهِمْwith themمِنَfromالأَلَمِhurtمَاwhatلَاnoيَعْلَمُهُone knowsإِلَّاexceptاللَّهُ،Allah,
It is said: Because this verse was revealed after the return of the Prophet (peace be upon him) from Al-Hudaybiyah, and they had indeed performed Umrah that year and strived in entering, but the polytheists stopped them, and they returned with pain that no one knows except Allah.
فَكَانُواSo they wereمُنْتَظِرِينَawaitingلِتَحْقِيقِfor the realizationهَذَاthisالْوَعْدِpromiseذَاكَthatالْعَامَ،year,إِذْwhenكَانَthere wasالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)وَعَدَهُمُpromised themوَعْدًاa promiseمُطْلَقًا،absolute,وَقَدْand it was narratedرُوِيَthat it was narratedأَنَّهُthat heرَأَىsawفِيinالْمَنَامِthe dreamقَائِلًاsomeone saying:يَقُولُ:saying:لَتَدْخُلُنَّYou will indeed enterالْمَسْجِدَthe mosqueالْحَرَامَthe sacred (Masjid al-Haram)إِنْifشَاءَwills
So they were awaiting the realization of this promise that year, when the Prophet (peace be upon him) promised them an absolute promise, and it was narrated that he saw in a dream someone saying: ‘You will indeed enter the sacred mosque if Allah wills.’
فَأَصْبَحَAnd when he awokeفَحَدَّثَhe toldالنَّاسَthe peopleبِرُؤْيَاهُ،about his vision,وَأَمَرَهُمْand he ordered themبِالْخُرُوجِto go outإِلَىtoالْعُمْرَةِUmrahفَلَمْbut did notتَحْصُلْachieveلَهُمُfor themالْعُمْرَةَUmrahذَلِكَthatالْعَامَ،year,فَنَزَلَتْthen this was revealedهَذِهِthisالْآيَةُverseوَاعِدَةًpromisingلَهُمُto themبِمَاwith that whichوَعَدَهُمْhe promised themبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerمِنَfromالْأَمْرِthe matterالَّذِيwhichكَانُواthey wereيَظُنُّونَthinkingحُصُولَهُit would happenذَلِكَthatالْعَامَ،year,
And when he awoke, he told the people about his vision, and he ordered them to go out to Umrah, but they did not achieve Umrah that year. Then this verse was revealed promising them with what the Messenger promised them from the matter which they thought would happen that year.
وَكَانَAnd it wasقَوْلُthe saying(إِنْ(IfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllah)هُنَاhereتَحْقِيقًاa confirmationبِدُخُولِهِ،of his entry,وَأَنَّand thatاللَّهَAllahيُحَقِّقُwill realizeذَلِكَthatلَكُمْ،for you,كَمَاasيَقُولُhe saysالرَّجُلُthe manفِيْمَاin whatعَزَمَhe vowsعَلَىtoأَنْtoيَفْعَلَهُdo itلَاnotمُحَالَةًwithout fail:وَاللَّهُBy Allah,لَأَفْعَلَنَّI will certainly doكَيْفَsuch and suchإِنْifشَاءَHe wills
And the saying ‘If Allah wills’ here is a confirmation of his entry, and that Allah will realize that for you, just as a man says in what he vows to do without fail: ‘By Allah, I will certainly do such and such if He wills.’
لَاNotيَقُولُهَاsaying itلِشَكٍّfor doubtفِيinإِرَادَتِهِhis intentionوَعَزْمِهِ،and determination,بَلْbutتَحْقِيقًاa realizationلِعَزْمِهِof his determinationوَإِرَادَتِهِ،and intention,فَإِنَّهُfor heيَخَافُfearsإِذَاifلَمْnotيَقُلْ:say it,إِنْ‘IfشَاءَHe wills,اللَّهُ،Allah,أَنْtoيَنْقُضَbreakعَزِيمَتَه،his vow,وَلَاand notيَحْدَثَhappenمَاwhatطَلَبَهُ،he seeks,كَمَاasفِيin«الصَّحِيحَيْنِ»the SahihsأَنَّthatسُلَيْمَانَSulaimanعَلَيْهِupon himالسَّلامَ قَالَ:peace said:وَاللَّهُBy Allah,لَأَطُوفَنَّI will certainly perform tawafاللَّيْلَةَtonightعَلَىonمِئَةٍa hundredامْرَأَةٍ،women,كُلُّeachمِنْهُنَّof themتَأْتِيcomesبِفَارِسٍwith a knightيُقَاتِلُto fightفِيinسَبِيلِthe wayاللَّهِAllah.
Not saying it for doubt in his intention and determination, but as a realization of his determination and intention, for he fears if he does not say ‘If Allah wills,’ that his vow may be broken, and what he seeks may not happen, just as it was narrated in the Sahihs that Sulaiman (peace be upon him) said: ‘By Allah, I will certainly perform tawaf tonight on a hundred women, each of them will come with a knight to fight in the way of Allah.’
فَقَالَHe saidلَهُto himصَاحِبُهُ:his companion:قُلْ:Say:إِنَّIfشَاءَHe wills,اللَّهُ،Allah,فَلَمْbut did notيَقُلْ،say,فَلَمْbut did notتَحْمِلْbringمِنْهُنَّfrom themإِلَّاexceptامْرَأَةًa womanجَاءَتْcameبِشَقِّwith a halfرَجُلٍ،man,قَالَhe saidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ:(peace be upon him):وَالَّذِيBy the Oneنَفْسِيmy soulبِيَدِهِin His handلَوْifقَالَ:he said:إِنَّIfشَاءَHe wills,اللَّهُ،Allah,لَجَاهَدُواthey would have foughtفِيinسَبِيلِthe way[اللَّه][of Allah]فُرْسَانًاknightsأَجْمَعُونَ»altogether.
He said to his companion: 'Say: If Allah wills,' but he did not say it. He then did not bring from them except one woman who came with a half-man. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ‘By the One in whose hand is my soul, if he had said, ‘If Allah wills,’ they would have fought in the way of Allah altogether.’
فَهُوَSo ifإِذَاwhenقَالَ:he said:إِنَّIfشَاءَHe wills,اللَّهُAllahلَمْnotيَكُنْbeلَشَكٍّfor doubtفِيinطَلَبِهِhis requestوَإِرَادَتِهِand his intentionبَلْbutلِتَحْقِيقِfor the realizationاللَّهُAllahذَلِكَthatلَهُ،for him,إِذْwhenالأُمُورُthe mattersلَاnotتَحْصُلُoccurإِلَّاexceptبِمَشِيئَةِby the willاللَّهِ.of Allah.
So if he said, ‘If Allah wills,’ it was not for doubt in his request and intention, but for the realization of that by Allah for him, when the matters do not occur except by the will of Allah.
فَإِذَاSo ifتَأَلَّىthe servant vowedالْعَبْدُthe servantعَلَيْهagainst himمِنْfromغَيْرِother thanتَعْلِيقٍattachmentبِمَشِيئَتِهِ،to his will,لَمْnotيَحْصُلْachieveمَرَادَهُ،his desires,فَإِنَّهُfor heمِنْofتَأَلَّىthe one who vowedعَلَىagainstاللَّهِAllahيُكَذِّبُهُ،false him,وَلِهَذَاand for thisيُرْوَى:it is narrated:لَاdo notتُتَمِّمُواcompleteلِمُقَدِّرٍfor the one who vowedأَمْرًا.a matter.
So if the servant vowed against him without any attachment to His will, he would not attain his desires, for he is among those who vowed against Allah and is a liar, and for this, it is narrated: ‘One who vows does not complete a matter.’