لَشَكٌّThere is no doubtفِيinالإِرَادَةِ،the will,هَذَاthisفِيْمَاin whatيَحْلِفُhe swearsعَلَيْهِ،by it,وَيُرِيدُهَاand wants itكَقَوْلِهِas His sayingتَعَالَى:the Most High:﴿لَتَدْخُلُنَّYou will surely enterالْمَسْجِدَthe Sacred Mosqueالْحَرَامِ[Al-Fath: 27]فَإِنَّهُFor it isخَبَرٌnewsعَمَّabout whatأَرَادَGod desiredاللَّهُAllahكَوْنَهُto beوَهُوَand He isعَالِمٌAll-Knowingبِأَنَّthatسَيَكُونُ،it will be,وَقَدْand He hasعَلَّقَهُconnected itبِقَوْلِهِby His saying:(إِنْ( IfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُ،Allah,,فَكَذَٰلِكَthen similarlyمَاwhatيُخْبِرُthe person informsبِهِabout itالْإِنْسَانُthe humanعَنْaboutمُسْتَقْبَلِthe futureأَمْرِهِof his matterمِمَّاof whatهُوَisجَازِمٌcertainبِإِرَادَتِهِin his willوَجَازِمٌand certainبِوُقُوعِهِof its occurrenceفَيَقُولُhe saysفِيinهِ:إِنْIfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُ،Allah,,لِتَحْقِيقِto confirmوُقُوعِهِ،its occurrence,لَاnotلِلشَّكِّfor doubtلَاnotفِيinإِرَادَتِهِhis willوَلَاnorفِيinالعِلْمِknowledgeبِوُقُوعِهِ.of its occurrence.
There is no doubt in the will, this is in what he swears by and wants, as His saying: ﴿You will surely enter the Sacred Mosque﴾ [Al-Fath: 27]. For it is news about what God intended to be, and He is All-Knowing that it will be. He has connected it by His saying: (If Allah wills), then similarly what the human informs about his future matter is certain in his will and certain of its occurrence. He says in it: If Allah wills, to confirm its occurrence, not for doubt, not in his will nor in the knowledge of its occurrence.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonيَذْكُرُhe mentionsالِاسْتِثْنَاءَthe exceptionعِنْدَwhenكَمَالِthe fullnessالرَّغْبَةِof desireفِيinالْمُعَلَّقَةِthe suspended matterوَقُوَّةِand the strengthإِرَادَةِof the willالْإِنْسَانِthe humanلَهُ،for it,فَتَبْقَىand there remainخَوَاطِرَthoughtsالْخَوْفِof fearتُعَارِضُcontradictالرَّجَاءَ،the hope,فَيَقُولُhe says:إِنْIfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُ،Allah,لِتَحْقِيقِto confirmرَجَائِهِhis hopeمَعَwithعِلْمِهِhis knowledgeبِأَنَّthatسَيَكُونُ،it will be,كَمَاjust asيَسْأَلُhe asksاللَّهَAllahوَيَدْعُوهُand invokes Himفِيinالأَمْرِthe matterالَّذِيthatقَدْhe hasعَلِمَknownأَنَّهُthat itيَكُونُ،will be,كَمَاjust asكَانَwasالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetيَوْمَon the dayبَدْرٍof Badrقَدْhe hasأَخْبَرَهُمْinformed themبِمَصَارِعِof the downfallالْمُشْرِكِينَof the polytheistsثُمَّthenهُوَheبَعْدَafterهَذَاthisيَدْخُلُentersإِلَىtoالْعَرِيشِthe tentيَسْتَغِيثُand seeks helpرَبَّهُfrom his Lordوَيَقُولُ:and says:«اللَّهُمَّ‘O Allahأَنْجِزْfulfillلِيfor meمَاwhatوَعَدْتَنِيYou promised me.(1)(1)لِأَنَّBecauseالعِلْمَthe knowledgeبِمَاof whatيُقَدِّرُهُHe decreesلَاdoes notيُنَافِيcontradictأَنْthatيَكُونَit isقَدْرَهُdecreedبِأَسْبَابٍby meansوَالدُّعَاءِand supplicationمِنْ أَعْظَمِis one of the greatestأَسْبَابٍ.means.كَذَٰلِكَLikewiseرَجَاءُthe hopeرَحْمَةِfor mercyاللَّهِof Allahوَخَوْفُand the fearعَذَابِهِof His punishmentمِنْ أَعْظَمِis one of the greatestالأَسْبَابِmeansفِيinالنَّجَاةِbeing savedمِنْfromعَذَابِهِHis punishmentوَحُصُولِand attainingرَحْمَتِهِ.His mercy.
And for this reason, he mentions the exception when the desire is complete in the suspended matter and the strength of the will of the human for it, and there remain thoughts of fear that contradict the hope, so he says: If Allah wills, to confirm his hope with his knowledge that it will be, just as he asks Allah and invokes Him in the matter that he has known that it will be, just as the Prophet on the day of Badr informed them of the downfall of the polytheists, then after this, he enters the tent seeking help from his Lord and says: ‘O Allah, fulfill for me what You promised me (1). Because the knowledge of what He decrees does not contradict that it is decreed by means, and supplication is one of the greatest means. Likewise, the hope for the mercy of Allah and the fear of His punishment is one of the greatest means in being saved from His punishment and attaining His mercy.
وَالِاسْتِثْنَاءُAnd the exceptionبِالْمَشِيئَةِby the willيَحْصُلُoccursفِيinالْخَبَرِthe absolute newsالْمَحْضِ،the pure,وَفِيand inالْخَبَرِthe newsالَّذِيthatمَعَهُwith itطَلَبٌ،there is a request,فَالأَوَّلُthe firstإِذَاifحَلَفَhe swearsعَلَىonجُمْلَةٍthe entireخَبَرِيَّةٍnarrativeلَاnotيُقْصَدُintendedبِهَاby itحَضًّاencouragementوَلَاnorمَنَعًا،prevention,بَلْbutتَصْدِيقًاauthenticationأَوْorتَكْذِيبًا،denial,كَقَوْلِهِas His saying:وَاللَّهِBy Allahلَتَكُونُنَّit will surely happenكَذَاlike thisإِنْ شَاءَif He willsاللَّهُ،Allah,أَوْorلَاnotيَكُونَbeكَذَا،like this,وَالْمُسْتَثْنَىand the one who is exceptedقَدْmightيَكُونَbeعَالِمًاknowingبِأَنَّthatهَذَاthisيَكُونُ،happens,أَوْorلَاnotيَكُونَbeكَمَاasفِيinقَوْلِهِHis saying:(لَتَدْخُلُنَّ)(You will surely enter),فَإِنَّهُfor it isهَذَاthisجَوَابٌan answerغَيْرُnotمَحْذُوفٍ.omitted.
And the exception by the will occurs in absolute news, and in the news that carries a request. The first is if he swears on a narrative sentence with no intention of encouragement or prevention, but as an authentication or denial, as His saying: By Allah, it will surely happen, if Allah wills, or it will not happen. The one who is excepted might be knowing that this happens, or it will not happen, as in His saying: (You will surely enter), for this is an answer that is not omitted.
وَالثَّانِيAnd the secondمَاis whatفِيهِin itمَعْنَىthe meaningالطَّلَبِ،of the request,كَقَوْلِهِas His saying:وَاللَّهِBy AllahلَأَفْعَلَنَّI will surely doكَذَا،like this,أَوْorلَاnotأَفْعَلُهُdo itإِنْ شَاءَif He willsاللَّهُ،Allah,فَالصِّيغَةُthe formصِيغَةٌthe structureخَبَرٌof newsضَمِنَهَاcontains itالطَّلَبَ،the request,وَلَمand did notيَقُلْsay:I am notوَاللَّهِBy AllahإِنِّيIلَمُرِيدٌam willingهَذَاthisوَلَاnorعَازِمٌdeterminedعَلَيْهِ،upon it,بَلْbutقَالَتْhe said:وَاللَّهِBy Allahلَتَكُونَنَّit will surely happenفَإِنْ لَمand if notيَكُنْit beفَقَدْthen surelyحَنِثَhe has brokenلِوُقُوعِfor happenstanceالأَمْرِthe matterبِخِلَافِcontraryمَاto whatحَلَفَhe sworeعَلَيْهِby itفَحَنِثَ،he breaks an oath,فَإِذَاso ifقَالَhe says:إِنْIfشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُAllahفَإِنَّمَاthen indeedحَلَفَhe sworeعَلَيْهِby itبِتَقْدِيرٍby the condition:, thatأَنْthatيَشَاءَHe willsاللَّهُ،Allah,لَاnotمُطْلَقًا.absolutely.
And the second is what contains a request, as His saying: By Allah, I will surely do this, or I will not do it if Allah wills. The form is the structure of news that contains the request; he did not say: By Allah, I am not willing this nor determined upon it. Rather, he said: By Allah, it will surely happen. And if not, then he surely has broken his oath for the occurrence of the matter contrary to what he swore by. So, if he says: If Allah wills, then indeed he has sworn by it conditionally: that Allah wills it, not absolutely.