وَلِهَذَاAnd thereforeذَهَبَwentكَثِيرٌmanyمِنَofالْفُقَهَاءِjuristsإِلَىtoأَنَّهُthatمَتَىwheneverلَمْnotيُوجَدْexistsالْمَحْلُوفُthe swornعَلَيْهupon itحَنَثَhe has broken his oathأَوْorمَتَىwheneverوُجِدَfoundالْمَحْلُوفُthe swornعَلَيْهupon itأَنَّهُthatلَاnotيَفْعَلَهُdo itحَنَثَhe has broken his oathسَوَاءًwhetherكَانَwasنَاسِيًاforgettingأَوْorمُخْطِئًاmistakenأَوْorجَاهِلًاignorantفَإِنَّهُمْfor theyلَحَظُواobservedأَنَّthatهَذَاthisفِيinمَعْنَىthe sense ofالْخَبَرِthe reportفَإِذَاifوُجِدَfoundبِخِلافِcontrary toمُخْبِرِهِits newsفَقَدَthenحَنَثَhe has broken his oath
And therefore, many jurists went to the view that whenever the sworn thing does not exist, he has broken his oath; or whenever he found the sworn thing that he does not do it, he has broken his oath, whether he was forgetting, mistaken, or ignorant. For they observed that this is in the sense of the report. If found contrary to its news, then he has broken his oath.
وَقَالَAnd saidالْآخَرُونَthe othersبَلْratherهَذَاthisمَقْصُودُهُits intentionالْحَضُّencouragementوَالْمَنْعُand prohibitionكَمَاlike the commandوَالنَّهْيand the prohibitionوَمَتَىand wheneverالْإِنْسَانُthe personعَنْfromشَيْءٍsomethingفَفَعَلَهُand his doing itنَاسِيًاforgettingأَوْorمُخْطِئًاmistakenلَمْnotيَكُنْbeمُخَالِفًاcontradictoryفَكَذَلِكَso likewiseهَذَاthis
And the others said: rather, this is intended for encouragement and prohibition like the command and the prohibition. And whenever a person from something, his doing it while forgetting or mistaken does not become contrary, so likewise this.
قَالَHe saidالأَوَّلُونَthe earlier onesفَقَدْthenيَكُونُit could beفِيinمَعْنَىthe sense ofالتَّصْدِيقِthe affirmationوَالتَّكَذِيبِand the denialكَقَوْلِهِlike his sayingوَاللَّهُby Allahلَيَقْعَنَّit will certainly rainالْمَطَرُthe rainأَوْorلَاnotيَقَعُit occursوَهَذَاand thisخَبَرٌreportمَحْضٌpureلَيْسَis notفِيهِin itحَضٌّencouragementوَلَاnorمَنْعٌprohibitionوَلَوْand ifحَلَفَhe swearsعَلَىonاعْتِقَادِهِhis beliefفَكَانَand wasالأَمْرُthe matterبِخِلَافِcontrary toمَاthatحَلَفَhe sworeعَلَيْهِupon itحَنَثَhe has broken his oathوَبِهِand by itيَظْهَرُit appearsالْفَرْقُthe differenceبَيْنَbetweenالْحَلْفِthe oathعَلَىonالْمَاضِيthe pastوَالْحَلْفِand the oathعَلَىonالْمُسْتَقْبَلِthe future
He said that the earlier ones said: then it could be in the sense of affirmation and denial, like the saying, 'By Allah, it will certainly rain' or 'It will not occur.' And this is a pure report, there is no encouragement or prohibition in it. And if he swore on his belief, and the matter was contrary to what he swore upon, he has broken his oath, and by this, the difference between swearing on the past and swearing on the future appears.
فَإِنَّFor ifالْيَمِينَthe oathعَلَىonالْمَاضِيthe pastغَيْرَnotمُنْعَقِدَةٍbindingفَإِذَاifأَخْطَأَhe made a mistakeفِيهاin itلَمْnotيَلْزَمْهُit is required of himكَفَّارَةًexpiationكَالْغَمُوسِlike the false oathبِخِلَافِcontrary toالْمُسْتَقْبَلِthe futureوَلَيْسَand it is notعَلَيْهِupon himأَنْtoيَسْتَثْنِيَexemptفِيinالْمُسْتَقْبَلِthe futureإِذَاifكَانَwasفَعَلَهُhis action
For if the oath on the past is not binding, if he made a mistake in it, it is not required of him to expiate like the false oath, contrary to the future, and it is not upon him to exempt in the future if was his action.
قَالَHe saidتَعَالَىthe Most Highزَعَمَclaimedالَّذِينَthoseكَفَرُواwho disbelievedأَنَّthatلَّنnotيُبْعَثُواbe resurrectedقُلْSayبَلَىYesوَرَبِّيand by my Lordلَتَأْتِنَّكُمْit will surely come upon youثُمَّthenلَنَنْتُونَwe will certainly resurrectبِمَاfor whatعَمِلْتُمْyou didوَذَلِكَand thatعَلَىonاللَّهِAllahيَسِيرٌis easy
The Most High said: 'Those who disbelieved claimed that they will not be resurrected. Say: 'Yes, by my Lord, it will surely come upon you, then we will certainly resurrect you for what you did, and that is easy for Allah.'
فَأَمَرَهُSo He commanded himأَنْtoيُقْسِمَswearعَلَىuponمَاwhatسَيَكُونُwill beوَكَذَلِكَand likewiseقَوْلُهُhis sayingوَقَالَتِand saidالَّذِينَthoseكَفَرُواwho disbelievedلَاnotتَأْتِينَاwill come to usالسَّاعَةُthe HourقُلْSayبَلَىYesوَرَبِّيand by my Lordلَتَأْتِنَّكُمْit will surely come to you
So He commanded him to swear upon what will be. And likewise, His saying: 'And those who disbelieved said: 'The Hour will not come to us.' Say: 'Yes, by my Lord, it will surely come upon you.'
كَمَاAsأَمَرَهُHe commanded himأَنْtoيُقْسِمَswearعَلَىuponالْحَاضِرِthe presentفِيinقَوْلِهِhis sayingوَيَسْتَنْبِئُونَكَAnd they ask youأَحَقٌّIs it true?هُوَit isقُلْSayإِنَّهُIndeed, itلَحَقٌّis the truth
As He commanded him to swear upon the present in His saying: 'And they ask you, is it true?' Say: 'Indeed, it is the truth.'
وَقَدْAnd indeedقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetعَلَيْهِupon Himالصَّلَوَاتُprayersوَالسَّلَامُand peaceوَالَّذِيAnd the one whoنَفْسِيmy soulبِيَدِهِis in His handلَينزِلَّنَّwill surely descendفِيكُمْamong youابْنُthe sonمَرْيَمَof Maryحَكَمًاas a rulerعَدْلًاjustlyوَإِمَامًاand an Imamمُقْسِطًاwho is equitable
And indeed, the Prophet upon Him prayers and peace said: 'By the One in whose hand is my soul, the son of Mary will surely descend among you as a just ruler and an equitable Imam.'
وَقَالَAnd saidوَالَّذِيAnd the One whoنَفْسِيmy soulبِيَدِهِis in His handلَاnotتَذْهَبُwill passالدُّنْيَاthe worldحَتَّىuntilيَأْتِيَcomesعَلَىuponالنَّاسِthe peopleيَوْمٍa dayلَاnotيَدْرِيknowsالْقَاتِلُthe killerفِيمَاin whatقَتَلَhe killedوَلَاnorالْمَقْتُولُthe killedفِيمَاin whatقُتِلَhe was killed
And said the One in whose hand is my soul: 'The world will not pass until a day comes upon the people where the killer does not know in what he killed nor the killed knows in what he was killed.'
رَوَاهُNarratedمُسْلِمٌMuslimوَهَذَاand thisخَبَرٌreportمَحْضٌpureلَيْسَis notفِيهِin itحَضٌّencouragementوَلَاnorمَنْعٌprohibition
Narrated by Muslim, and this is a pure report, there is no encouragement nor prohibition in it.
وَلَوْAnd ifحَلَفَhe sworeعَلَىonاعْتِقَادِهِhis beliefفَكَانَand wasالأَمْرُthe matterبِخِلَافِcontrary toمَاthatحَلَفَhe sworeعَلَيْهِupon itحَنَثَhe has broken his oathوَبِهِand by itيَظْهَرُit appearsالْفَرْقُthe differenceبَيْنَbetweenالْحَلْفِthe oathعَلَىonالمَاضِيthe pastوَالْحَلْفِand the oathعَلَىonالمُسْتَقْبَلِthe future
And if he swore on his belief, and the matter was contrary to what he swore upon, he has broken his oath, and by it, the difference between swearing on the past and swearing on the future appears.
فَإِذَاSo ifأَخْطَأَhe made a mistakeفِيهاin itلَمْnotيَلْزَمْهُit is required of himكَفَّارَةًexpiationكَالْغَمُوسِlike the false oathبِخِلَافِcontrary toالْمُسْتَقْبَلِthe future
So if he made a mistake in it, it is not required of him to expiate like the false oath, contrary to the future.
وَلَيْسَAnd it is notعَلَيْهِupon himأَنْtoيَسْتَثْنِيَexemptفِيinالْمُسْتَقْبَلِthe futureإِذَاifكَانَwasفَعَلَهُhis action
And it is not upon him to exempt in the future if was his action.
قَالَHe saidتَعَالَىthe Most Highزَعَمَclaimedالَّذِينَthoseكَفَرُواwho disbelievedأَنَّthatلَّنnotيُبْعَثُواbe resurrectedقُلْSayبَلَىYesوَرَبِّيand by my Lordلَتَأْتِنَّكُمْit will surely come upon youثُمَّthenلَنَنْتُونَwe will certainly resurrectبِمَاfor whatعَمِلْتُمْyou didوَذَلِكَand thatعَلَىonاللَّهِAllahيَسِيرٌis easy
The Most High said: 'Those who disbelieved claimed that they will not be resurrected. Say: 'Yes, by my Lord, it will surely come upon you, then we will certainly resurrect you for what you did, and that is easy for Allah.'
فَأَمَرَهُSo He commanded himأَنْtoيُقْسِمَswearعَلَىuponمَاwhatسَيَكُونُwill beوَكَذَلِكَand likewiseقَوْلُهُhis sayingوَقَالَتِand saidالَّذِينَthoseكَفَرُواwho disbelievedلَاnotتَأْتِينََاwill come to usالسَّاعَةُthe HourقُلْSayبَلَىYesوَرَبِّيand by my Lordلَتَأْتِنَّكُمْit will surely come to you
So He commanded him to swear upon what will be. And likewise, His saying: 'And those who disbelieved said: 'The Hour will not come to us.' Say: 'Yes, by my Lord, it will surely come upon you.'
كَمَاAsأَمَرَهُHe commanded himأَنْtoيُقْسِمَswearعَلَىuponالْحَاضِرِthe presentفِيinقَوْلِهِhis sayingوَيَسْتَنْبِئُونَكَAnd they ask youأَحَقٌّIs it true?هُوَit isقُلْSayإِنَّهُIndeed, itلَحَقٌّis the truth
As He commanded him to swear upon the present in His saying: 'And they ask you, is it true?' Say: 'Indeed, it is the truth.'