وَقَدْAndحَرَّمَprohibitedالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)،,كُلَّallذِيof those who haveنَابٍcaninesمِنَfromالسَّبُعَاتِthe wild beasts،,وَكُلَّand allذِيof those who haveمَخْلَبٍclawsمِنَfromالطُّيُورِthe birds،,وَلَمْand notيَكُنْbeهَذَاthisنَسْخًاcancellationلِلْكِتَابِof the book،,لِأَنَّbecauseالْكِتَابَthe bookلَمْdid notيُحِلَّpermitذَٰلِكَthat،,وَلَكِنْbutسَكَتَremained silentعَنْaboutتَحْرِيمِهِits prohibition،,فَكَانَso it wasتَحْرِيمُهُits prohibitionاِبْتِدَاءًinitially،,شَرَعَthe legislationوَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالَhe saidالنَّبِيُّthe ProphetيَاOاَللَّهُO Allahفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe narrationالْمَرْوِيِّreportedمِنَfromطُرُقٍwaysمِنْofحَدِيثِthe hadithأَبِيof AbuرَافِعٍRafi،,وَأَبِيand AbuثَعْلَبَةَTha'labah،,وَأَبِيand AbuهُرَيْرَةَHurayrahوَغَيْرِهِمْand others::«لَا"Let notأَلْفِينَany of youأَحَدَكُمof youمُتَّكِئًاleaningعَلَىonأَرِيكَتِهِhis couchيَأْتِيهِcome to himالأَمْرُthe commandمِنْfromأَمْرِيmy mattersمِمَّاof whatأَمَرْتُI commandedبِهِwith itأوorنَهَيْتُI prohibitedعَنْهُabout it،,فَيَقُولُand he says::بَيْنَنَاbetween usوَبَيْنَكُمْand between youهَذَاthisالْقُرْآنَQuranفَمَاso whateverوَجَدْنَاwe foundفِيهِin itمِنْofحَلَالٍwhat is lawfulأَحَلَلْنَاهُwe have permitted،,وَمَاand whatوَجَدْنَاwe foundفِيهِin itمِنْofحَرَامٍwhat is forbiddenحَرَّمْنَاهُwe have forbiddenأَلَاIndeedوَإِنِّيand Iأَتَيْتُam givenالْكِتَابَthe bookوَمِثْلَهُand something like itمَعَهُwith it(۱).(1).وَفِيAnd inاللَّفْظِthe word::«أَلَا"Indeedوَإِنَّهُand it isمِثْلٌlikeالْقُرْآنِthe Quranأوorأَكْثَرٌmore،,أَلَاindeedوَإِنِّيand Iحَرَّمْتُprohibitedكُلَّallذِيof those who haveنَابٍcaninesمِنَfromالسَّبُعَاتِthe wild beasts».".
And the Prophet (peace be upon him) prohibited all those who have canines from the wild beasts, and all those who have claws from the birds. This was not a cancellation of the book, because the book did not permit that, but he was silent about its prohibition, so its prohibition was initially legislated. For this reason, the Prophet said, 'O Allah,' in the narration reported from various ways of the hadith of Abu Rafi', Abu Tha'labah, Abu Hurayrah, and others: "Let not any of you leaning on his couch come to him the command from my matters of what I commanded and prohibited, and he says: 'Between us and you is the Quran, so whatever we found in it from what is lawful, we have permitted, and whatever we found in it from what is forbidden, we have forbidden. Indeed, I have been given the book and something like it with it (1).' In another wording: "Indeed, it is like the Quran or more, indeed, I have prohibited all those who have canines from the wild beasts." He indicated that another revelation was sent down to him, which is wisdom distinct from the book, and that Allah prohibited him in this revelation what He informed him of prohibiting, and that was not a cancellation of the book; for the book did not permit this at all, it rather permitted the good things, and these are not among the good things.
وَقَالَAnd he said::﴿يَٰٓأَيُّهَاO youالَّذِينَwhoءَامَنُواhave believedكُلُواeatمِنْfromطَيِّبَاتِthe good thingsمَاwhatرَزَقْنَاكُمْWe have provided for you﴾)[البقرة[Al-Baqarah::١٧٢]172].فَلَمْSo it did notتَدْخُلْenterهَذِهِthisالْآيَةُverseفِيinالْعُمُومِthe generality،,لَكِنْbutلَمْnotيَكُنْbeحَرَّمَهَاits prohibition،,فَكَانَتْso it wasمُعَفًّىexemptedعَنْfromتَحْرِيمِهَاits prohibitionلَاnotمَأْذُونًاpermittedفِيinأَكْلِهَاeating itإِلَّاexceptفِيَمَاin whatأَذِنَpermittedاللَّهُGodلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَfor them.وَأَمَّاAnd as forالْكَافِرِينَthe disbelievers،,فَلَمْthey did notيَأْذَنْpermitاللَّهُGodلَهُمْfor themفِيtoأَكْلِeatشَيْءٍanything،,وَلَاnorأَحَلَّmade lawfulلَهُمْfor themشَيْئًاanything،,وَلَاnorعَفَاexcusedلَهُمْfor themعَنْaboutشَيْءٍanythingيَأْكُلُونَهُthey eat,,بَلْbutقَالَsaid::﴿يَٰٓأَيُّهَاO peopleالنَّاسُthe peopleكُلُواeatمِمَّاof whatفِيis inالْأَرْضِthe earthحَلَالًا طَيِّبًا)lawful and good)[/span].[البقرة:[Al-Baqarah:١٦٨]168].فَشَرَطَSo he conditionedفِي مَاin whatيَأْكُلُونَهُthey eatأَنْthatيَكُونَit beحَلَالًاlawfulوَهُوَand it isالْمَأْذُونُpermittedفِيهِin itمِنْfromجِهَةٍthe sideاللَّهِof Godوَرَسُولِهِand His Messenger,,وَاللَّهُand Allahلَمْdid notيَأْذَنْpermitفِيtoالْأَكْلِeatإِلَّاexceptلِلْمُؤْمِنِfor the believerبِهِwith it،,فَلَمْso they did notيَأْذَنْpermitلَهُمْfor themفِيtoأَكْلِeatشَيْءٍanythingإِلَّاexceptإِذَاifءَامَنُواthey believed..
And he said: "O you who have believed, eat from the good things We have provided for you" [Al-Baqarah: 172]. So it did not enter this verse into the generality, but it did not prohibit it, so it was exempted from prohibition and not permitted for eating. As for the disbelievers, God did not permit them to eat anything, nor made anything lawful for them, nor excused them about anything they eat, but He said: "O people, eat from what is in the earth lawful and good" [Al-Baqarah: 168]. So, He conditioned in what they eat that it must be lawful and it is permitted from the side of God and His Messenger, and Allah did not permit to eat except for the believer with it, so He did not permit them to eat anything except if they believed.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonلَمْdid notتَكُنْbeأَمْوَالُهُمْtheir wealthمَمْلُوكَةًownedلَهُمْfor themمِلْكًاownershipشَرْعِيًّاlegitimate,,لِأَنَّbecauseالْمَلِكُthe ownershipالشَّرْعِيُّlegitimateهُوَisالْقُدْرَةُthe abilityعَلَىtoالتَّصَرُّفِdisposeالَّذِيthat whichأَبَاحَهُthe legislator permittedالشَّارِعُthe shari'a,,وَالْشَّارِعُand the shari'aلَمْdid notيُبَاحْpermitلَهُمْfor themتَصَرُّفًاto dispose ofفِيinالأَمْوَالِthe wealth,,إِلَّاexceptبِشَرْطِwith the conditionالإِيمَانِof faith,,فَكَانَتْthus it wasأَمْوَالُهُمْtheir wealthعَلَىonالإِبَاحَةِthe permissibility,,فَإِذَاifقَهَرَتْthey conquerطَائِفَةًa factionمِنْهُمْof themطَائِفَةًa factionقَهْرًاforcefullyيَسْتَحِلُّونَهَاthey deem lawfulفِيinوَأَخَذُوهَاand they take itمِنْهُمْfrom them,,صَارَتْit becameهَؤُلَاءِthoseفِيَهَاin itكَمَاasكَانُواwasأُولَـٰئِكَthose،,وَالْمُسْلِمُونَand the Muslimsإِذَاifاسْتَوْلَوْاthey seizeعَلَيْهَاupon it,,فَغَنِمُوهَاand they seize it as spoilsمَلَكُوهَاthey possess itشَرْعًاlegally,,لِأَنَّbecauseاللَّهَAllahأَبَاحَpermittedلَهُمُfor themالْغَنَائِمَthe spoils,,وَلَمْand did notيُبَاحْهَاpermit itلِغَيْرِهِمfor others,,وَيَجُوزُand it is permissibleلَهُمْfor themأَنْtoيُعَامِلُواdeal withالْكَافِرِينَthe disbelieversفِي مَاin whatأَخَذَهُhe tookبَعْضُهُمْsome of themمِنْfromبَعْضٍsomeبِالْقَهْرِby forceالَّذِيthat whichيَسْتَحِلُّونَهُthey deem lawfulفِيinدِينِهِمtheir religion..وَيَجُوزُAnd it is permissibleأَنْtoيَشْتَرِيbuyمِنْfromبَعْضِهِمsome of themمَاwhatسَبَىhe capturedمِنْfromغَيْرِهِمothers,,لِأَنَّbecauseهَذَاthisدِينُهُمْis their religion,,(۱)(1)
And for this reason, their wealth did not be legally owned for them, because legitimate ownership is the capacity to act that the legislator permitted, and the legislator did not permit them to have any actions regarding wealth except with the condition of faith, so their wealth was based on permissibility. If a faction of them forcefully conquers another faction, it becomes lawful for them, as it was for those. As for the Muslims, if they seize it, they possess it legally because Allah permitted them the spoils, and He did not permit it for others. It is permissible for them to deal with the disbelievers in what one faction of them took from another faction through force that they deem lawful in their religion. It is permissible for them to buy from some of them what they have captured from others, because this is their religion.