مَثَلٌlikeقَوْلِهِhis saying::(وَاذْكُرْ(And mentionفِيinالْكِتَابِthe bookإِبْرَاهِيمَIbrahimإِنَّهُindeed heكَانَwasصِدِّيقًاtruthfulنَبِيًّاa prophet
Like his saying: (And mention in the book Ibrahim, indeed he was a truthful prophet.)
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseالشَّهِيدُthe martyrقَدْhasجَعَلَmadeهُنَاhereقَرِينًاa companionالصِّدِّيقِthe truthfulوَالصَّالِحِand the righteous,,وَقَدْand he hasقَالَsaid::﴿وَجَايَةٌ(And the comingبِالنَّبِيِّينَof the prophetsوَالشُّهَدَاءِand the martyrsوَقُضِيَand it was judgedبَيْنَهُمbetween themبِالْحَقِّwith truth[الزُّمَرِ:[Az-Zumar:٦٩]69]
And likewise, the martyr has been made here a companion to the truthful and the righteous, and He said: (And the coming of the prophets and the martyrs, and it was judged between them with truth).
وَلَمَّاAnd whenقُيِّدَتْrestrictedالشَّهَادَةُthe testimonyعَلَىagainstالنَّاسِthe peopleوَصَفَتْand describedبِهِwith itالأُمَّةَthe nationكُلَّهَاallفِيinقَوْلِهِhis saying::(وَكَذَلِكَ(And thusجَعَلْنَاكُمْWe have made youأُمَّةًa nationوَسَطًاjustly balancedلِتَكُونُواthat you may beشُهَدَاءَwitnessesعَلَىagainstالنَّاسِthe peopleوَيَكُونَand the Messengerالرَّسُولُthe Messengerعَلَيْكُمْupon youشَهِيدًاa witness.﴾)[البَقَرَةِ:[Al-Baqarah:١٤٣]143]
And when the testimony against the people was restricted, the entire nation was described in His saying: (And thus We have made you a justly balanced nation, that you may be witnesses against the people, and the Messenger will be a witness upon you.)
فَهَذِهِSo thisشَهَادَةٌtestimonyمُقَيَّدَةٌrestrictedبِالشَّهَادَةِby testifyingعَلَىagainstالنَّاسِthe people,,كَالشَّهَادَةِlike the testimonyالْمَذْكُورَةِmentionedفِيinقَوْلِهِhis saying::(لَوْلَا(If notجَاءُواthey broughtعَلَيْهَاagainst itبِأَرْبَعَةِfourشُهَدَاءَ)witnesses.)[النُّورِ:[An-Nur:١٣]13]
So this testimony is restricted by testifying against the people, like the testimony mentioned in His saying: (If not they brought against it four witnesses.)
وَقَوْلُهُAnd his saying::(وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا(And invokeشَهِيدَيْنِtwo witnessesمِنfromرِّجَالِكُمْamong your men.﴾)[البَقَرَةِ[Al-Baqarah::٢٨٢]282]
And His saying: (And invoke two witnesses from among your men.)
وَلَيْسَتْAnd it is notهَذِهِthisالشَّهَادَةُtestimonyالْمُطْلَقَةُthe absoluteفِيinالآيَتَيْنِthe two verses,,بَلْbutذَلِكَthatكَقَوْلِهِlike His saying::وَيَتَّخِذَand He takesمِنكُمْfrom youشُهَدَاءَ)witnesses)[آلِ عِمْرَانَ:[Al-‘Imran:١٤٠].140].
And this testimony is not the absolute one in the two verses, but that is like His saying: (And He takes from you witnesses).
فَصْلٌSectionوَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseلَفْظُthe termالْمَعْصِيَةُdisobedienceوَالْفُسُوقُand wickednessوَالْكُفْرُand disbelief.,,فَإِذَاWhenأُطْلِقَتْyou sayالْمَعْصِيَةُthe disobedienceاللَّهَof Allahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerدَخَلَتْit encompassesفِيهَاin itالْكُفْرَdisbeliefوَالْفُسُوقَand wickedness.كَقَوْلِهِ:As in His saying:﴿وَمَن(And whoeverيَعْصِdisobeysاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerفَإِنَّthen indeedلَهُوَthe Fireنَارُof HellجَهَنَّمُJahannamخَالِدًاto dwellفِيهَاin itأَبَدًا)forever.)[الْجِنِّ:[Al-Jinn:٢٣].23].
Section And likewise, the term disobedience, wickedness, and disbelief, when the disobedience against Allah and His Messenger is mentioned, it encompasses disbelief and wickedness, as in His saying: (And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, then indeed, the Fire of Hell will be his dwelling forever.)
وَقَالَAnd He saidتَعَالَىthe Exalted::﴿وَتِلْكَ(And thoseعَادٌ‘Aad.جَحَدُواThey deniedبِآيَاتِthe signsرَبِّهِمْof their Lord.وَعَصَوْاAnd they disobeyedرُسُلَهُHis messengers.وَاتَّبَعُواAnd they followedأَمْرَthe commandكُلِّof everyجَبَّارٍtyrantعَنِيدٍobstinate.)[هُودٍ].[Hud].
And He the Exalted said: (And those ‘Aad denied the signs of their Lord and disobeyed His messengers, and followed the command of every tyrant obstinate.)
وَأَطْلَقَAnd He declaredمَعْصِيَتَهُمْtheir disobedienceلِلرُّسُلِto the messengersبِأَنَّهُمْby themعَصَوْاthey disobeyedهُودًاHudمَعْصِيَةًa disobedienceتَكْذِيبًاof denialلِجِنْسِto the genreالرُّسُلِof messengers.فَكَانَتِSo wasالمَعْصِيَةُthe disobedienceجِنْسًاa genreلِلرُّسُلِof messengersكَـمَعْصِيَةِlike the disobedienceمَنْof one whoقَالَsaid:﴿فَكَذَّبَنَا(Then we deniedوَقُلْنَاand said,مَاwhatنَزَّلَwas revealedاللَّهُby Allahمِنَfromشَيْءٍ﴾anything.)[الْمُلْكِ:[Al-Mulk:٩]9]
And He declared their disobedience to the messengers by stating that they disobeyed Hud as an act of denial of the entire genre of messengers, so the disobedience of the messengers was like the disobedience of one who said: (Then we denied, and said, 'What has Allah revealed from anything?')
وَمَعْصِيَةٌAnd the disobedienceمِنْof one whoكَذَّبَdeniesوَتَوَلَّىand turns awayقَالَHe said::(لَا(Indeed, noيَصْلَنَّهاwill enter itإِلَّاexceptالْأَشْقَىthe wretchedالَّذِيwhoكَذَّبَdeniedوَتَوَلَّىand turned away.)[اللَّيْلِ].[Al-Lail].
And the disobedience of one who denies and turns away, He said: (Indeed, no one will enter it except the wretched who denied and turned away.)
أَيْThat isكَذَّبُواthey deniedبِالْخَبَرِthe newsوَتَوَلَّواand turned awayعَنْfromطَاعَةِthe obedienceالْأَمْرِthe command.وَإِنَّمَاAnd it is uponعَلَىthe peopleالْخَلْقِthe creationأَنْtoيُصَدِّقُواbelieve theالرُّسُلَmessengersفِيْمَاin whatأَخْبَرُواthey informedوَيُطِيعُوهُمْand to obey themفِيْمَاin whatأَمَرُواthey commanded.وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseقَالَHe said::عَنْaboutفِرْعَوْنَPharaoh:﴿فَكَذَّبَ(Then he deniedوَعَصَىand disobeyed.[النَّازِعَاتِ].[An-Nazi'at].وَقَالَAnd He saidعَنْaboutجِنْسِthe kindالْكَافِرِof the disbeliever::﴿فَلَا(So he did notصَدَّقَbelieveوَلَاnorصَلَّىprayإِلَىtoاللَّهِAllahوَلَكِنَّbutكَذَّبَhe denied.[الْقِيَامَةِ].[Al-Qiyamah].
That is, they denied the news and turned away from obedience to the command. And the people must believe the messengers in what they informed and obey them in what they commanded. And likewise, He said about Pharaoh: (Then he denied and disobeyed.) And He said about the kind of disbeliever: (So he did not believe, nor did he pray to Allah, but he denied.)