تَصْدِيقٌthe beliefالرُّسُلِin the messengersفِيمَاin whatأَخْبَرُواthey informedوَطَاعَتَهُمْand obeying themفِيمَاin whatأَمَرُواthey commandedوَمِنْهَاand from itقَوْلُهُhis sayingمَاthatأَرْسَلْنَاWe sentإِلَىtoفِرْعَوْنَPharaohرَسُولًاa messengerفَعَصَىbut he disobeyedفِرْعَوْنُPharaohالرَّسُولَthe messenger
Believing in the messengers in what they informed and obeying them in what they commanded; and from it is His saying: 'We did not send a messenger to Pharaoh, but Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger.'
وَلَفْظٌAnd the termالتَّوَلِّيthe turning awayبِمَعْنَىmeansالتَّوَلِّيthe turning awayعَنْfromالطَّاعَةِobedienceمَذْكُورٌis mentionedفِيinمَوَاضِعَplacesمِنَofالْقُرْآنِthe Quranكَقَوْلِهِlike His sayingسَتُدْعَوْنَYou will be calledإِلَىtoقَوْمٍa peopleأُولِيof strongبَأْسٍstrengthشَدِيدٍsevereنُقَتِلُونَهُمْWe will kill themأَوْorيُسْلِمُونَthey will submitفَإِنْSo ifتُطِيعُواyou obeyيُؤْتِكُمُHe will grant youاللَّهُAllahأَجْرًاa rewardوَإِنْAnd ifتَتَوَلَّوْاyou turn awayكَمَاasتَوَلَّيْتُمُyou turned awayمِّنْfromقَبْلُbeforeيُعَذِّبْكُمْHe will punish youعَذَابًاa punishmentأَلِيمًاpainful
And the term 'turning away' meaning turning away from obedience is mentioned in places in the Quran, as in His saying: 'You will be called to a people of severe strength; we will either kill them or they will submit. So if you obey, Allah will grant you a reward; and if you turn away as you did before, He will punish you with a painful punishment.'
وَذَمَّهُAnd His blameفِيinغَيْرِotherمَوْضِعٍplacesمِنَofالْقُرْآنِthe Quranمِنَfromتَوَلَّىthose who turn awayدَلِيلٌis evidenceعَلَىonوُجُوبِthe obligationطَاعَةِof obedienceاللَّهِto Allahوَرَسُولِهِand His Messengerوَأَنْand thatالْأَمْرَthe commandالْمُطْلَقَthe absoluteيَقْتَضِيrequiresوُجُوبَthe obligationالطَّاعَةِof obedienceوَذَمَّand blameالتَّوَلِّيthe turning awayعَنْfromالطَّاعَةِobedienceكَمَاasعُلِّقَit was linkedالذَّمُّthe blameبِمُطْلَقِwith the absoluteالْمَعْصِيَةِdisobedienceفِيinمَثَلِlikeقَوْلِهِHis sayingفَعَصَىBut he disobeyedفِرْعَوْنُPharaohالرَّسُولَthe messenger
And His blame in many places of the Quran for those who turn away is evidence of the obligation to obey Allah and His Messenger, and that the absolute command requires the obligation of obedience and the blame of turning away from it, just as the blame was linked to absolute disobedience in His saying: 'But Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger.'
وَقَدْAnd it has beenقِيلَsaidإِنَّthatالتَّأْبِيدَeternityلَمْhas notيُذْكَرْbeen mentionedفِيinالْقُرْآنِthe Quranإِلَّاexceptفِيinوَعِيدِthe warningالْكَافِرِينَof the disbelieversوَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالَHe saidوَمَنAnd whoeverيَقْتُلُkillsمُؤْمِنًاa believerمُتَعَمِّدًاintentionallyفَجَزَاؤُهُso his punishmentجَهَنَّمُis Hellخَالِدًاto dwell foreverفِيهَاin itوَغَضِبَand Allah became angryعَلَيْهِat himوَلَعَنَهُand cursed himوَأَعَدَّand prepared for himلَهُfor himعَذَابًاa punishmentعَظِيمًاgreat
And it has been said that eternity has not been mentioned in the Quran except in the warning of the disbelievers, and for this reason He said: 'And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his punishment is Hell, to dwell forever in it; and Allah became angry at him and cursed him and prepared for him a great punishment.'
وَقَالَAnd He saidفِيمنabout those whoيَجُورُونَdo wrongفِيinالْمَوَارِيثِinheritanceوَمَنAnd whoeverيَعْصِdisobeysاللَّهَAllahوَرَسُولَهُand His Messengerوَيَتَعَدَّىand transgressesحُدُودَهُHis limitsيُدْخِلْهُHe will admit himنَارًاto the Fireخَالِدًاto abide foreverفِيهَاin itوَلَوْeven ifعَذَابٌthe punishmentمَهِينٌis severe
And He said regarding those who do wrong in inheritance: 'And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits, He will admit him to the Fire to abide forever in it; even if the punishment is severe.'
فَهُنَاSo hereقَيْدٌthe limitationالْمَعْصِيَةِof the disobedienceبِتَعَدِّيwith transgressingحُدُودِهِHis limitsفَلَمْand has notيُذْكَرْهَاmentioned itمُطْلَقًاabsolutelyوَقَالَAnd He saidوَعَصَىAnd disobeyedآدَمُAdamرَبَّهُyour Lord.فَعَصَىSo he went astray.
So here, the disobedience is limited by transgressing His limits, and it has not been mentioned absolutely. And He said: 'And Adam disobeyed your Lord, so he went astray.'
وَحَتَّىAnd untilإِذَاwhenفَشِلْتُمْyou failedوَتَنَازَعْتُمْand disputedفِيinالْأَمْرِthe matterوَعَصَيْتُمand you disobeyedمِّنْafterبَعْدِafterمَاwhatأَرَاكُمْHe showed youمَّاwhatتُحِبُّونَyou love.
And until when you failed and disputed in the matter and disobeyed after He showed you what you love.
فَأَخْبَرَSo He informedعَنْaboutمَعْصِيَةٍthe disobedienceوَاقِعَةٍthat occurredمُعَيَّنَةٍspecificوَهِيَand it isمَعْصِيَةُthe disobedienceالرَّمَاةِof the archersلِلنَّبِيِّto the ProphetحَيْثُwhereأَمَرَهُمْHe commanded themبِلُزُومِto adhere toمَرْبَطِهِمtheir positionوَإِنْand ifرَأَوْاthey sawالْمُسْلِمِينَthe Muslimsقَدِthey hadانْتَصَرُواvictoriouslyفَعَصَىSo those who disobeyedمِنْهُمْfrom themهَذَاthisالأَمْرَorder.وَجَعَلَAnd madeأَمِيرَهُمْtheir leaderيَأْمُرُهُمْcommanded themلَمَّاwhenرَأَوْاthey sawالْكَافِرِينَthe disbelieversمُنْهَزِمِينَdefeatedوَأَقْبَلَand approachedمِمَّنْfromأَقْبَلَthose who approachedمِنْهُمْthemعَلَىtoالْمَغَانِمِthe spoils.
So He informed about the disobedience that occurred specifically, which is the disobedience of the archers to the Prophet, where He commanded them to adhere to their position, and if they saw the Muslims victorious, then those who disobeyed the order from them this order, and their leader commanded them when they saw the disbelievers defeated, and approached those who approached them to the spoils.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلُهُHis sayingوَكَرِهَAnd He dislikedإِلَيْكُمْfor youالْكُفْرَdisbeliefوَالْفُسُوقَand immoralityوَالْعِصْيَانَand disobedience.
And likewise His saying: 'And He disliked for you disbelief, immorality, and disobedience.'
جَعَلَHe madeذَٰلِكَthisثَلاثَthreeمَرَاتِبَlevels.وَقَدْAnd it has beenقَالَsaidوَلَاAnd do notيَعْصِينكَdisobey youفِيinمَعْرُوفٍwhat is right.
He made this three levels. And it has been said: 'And do not disobey you in what is right.'
فَقَدْSo he restrictedالْمَعْصِيَةَthe disobedienceوَلِهَذَاand for this reasonفُسِّرَتْit was explainedبِالنِّيَاحَةِwith lamentation.قَالَهَاHe said itابْنُIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbas.وَرُوِيَAnd it is narratedذَٰلِكَthatمَرْفُوعًاit was raised.وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd likewiseقَالَsaidزَيْدٌZaydبْنُbenأَسْلَمَAslamلَاdo notيَدْعُونَcallوَيْلًاwoe.وَلَاAnd do notيَخْدِشْنَscratchوَجْهًاa face.وَلَاand do notيُنْشِرْنَuncoverشَعْرًاhair.وَلَاand do notيُشَقِّقْنَtearثَوْبًاa garment.
So he restricted the disobedience, and for this reason it was explained with lamentation. He said it Ibn Abbas. And it is narrated that it was raised. And likewise, Zayd ben Aslam said: 'Do not call for woe. And do not scratch a face. And do not uncover hair. And do not tear a garment.'
وَقَدْAnd it has beenقَالَsaidبَعْضُهُمْsome of themهُوَit isجَمِيعُallمَاwhatيَأْمُرُهُمHe commands themبِهِwith itالرَّسُولُthe Messengerمِنْofشَرَائِعِthe lawsالإِسْلَامِof Islamوَأَدِلَّتِهَاand their evidence.كَمَاasقَالَهَاit was saidأَبُوby AbuسُلَيْمَانَSulaimanالْدِّمَشْقِيُّthe Damascene.
And it has been said by some of them that it is all what He commands them with the Messenger of the laws of Islam and their evidence, as it was said by Abu Sulaiman the Damascene.