وَيَمْتَنِعُand it is forbiddenنَقْلُto transferذَٰلِكَthatعَنْهُمْfrom them,,فَإِنَّfor indeedالَّذِينَthose whoيَعْرِفُونَknowهَذِهِthisاللُّغَةَlanguageلَاdo notيَعْرِفُونَknowهَذِهِthis,,وَإِذَاand ifكَانَthere wereالنَّاقِلُthe transferorثَلاثَةٌthree,,فَهُمْtheyقَدْhaveعَلَّمُواtaughtأَوْلَادَهُمْtheir childrenوَأَوْلَادَهُمْand their childrenعَلَّمُواhave taughtأَوْلَادَهُمْtheir children,,وَلَوْand ifكَانَتْthere wereكَذَلِكَlike thatلَا تَصِلَتْit would have connected.
And it is forbidden to transfer that from them, for indeed those who know this language do not know this. And if there were three transferors, they have taught their children, and their children have taught their children. And if that were the case, it would have connected.
وَنَحْنُAnd weنَجِدُfindبَنِيthe children ofالْأَبِthe fatherالْوَاحِدِoneيَتَكَلَّمُونَspeakكُلَّeveryقَبِيلَةٍtribeمِنْهُمْof themبِلُغَةٍin a languageلَاnotتَعْرِفُهَاrecognized by itالأُخْرَىthe other,,وَالْأَبُand the fatherوَاحِدٌis oneوَلَاand notيُقَالُit is said::إِنَّهُthat heعَلَّمَtaughtأَحَدَoneابْنَيْهِof his two sonsلُغَةًa languageوَابْنُهُand his other sonالْآخَرُthe otherلُغَةًlanguage,,فَإِنَّfor indeedالْأَبَthe fatherقَدْmayلَاnotيَكُونَbeلَهُfor himإِلَّاexcept forابْنَانِtwo sonsوَاللُّغَاتُand the languagesفِيinأَوْلَادِهِhis childrenأَضْعَافٌmultiples ofذَٰلِكَthat.
And we find the children of one father speaking in a language that the other does not recognize. The father is one and it is not said that he taught one of his two sons a language and his other son a language, for indeed the father may have only two sons while the languages in his children are multiples of that.
وَالَّذِيAnd whatأَجْرَىwas institutedاللَّهُGodعَلَيْهِupon himعَادَةًthe customبَنِيof the children ofآدَمَAdamأَنَّهُمْthat theyإِنَّمَاmerelyيُعَلِّمُونَteachأَوْلَادَهُمْtheir childrenلُغَتَهُمْtheir languageالَّتِيwhichيُخَاطِبُونَهُمْthey address themبِهَاwith it,,أَوْorيُخَاطِبُهُمْaddress themبِهَاwith itغَيْرَهُمْothers.فَأَمَّاAs forلُغَاتٍthe languagesلَمْthat was notيَخْلُقْcreatedاللَّهُGodمِنْfromيَتَكَلَّمُ بِهَاspeaks itفَلَاso do notيُعَلِّمُونَهَاteach itأَوْلَادَهُمْtheir children.
And what was instituted by God upon him as the custom of the children of Adam is that they merely teach their children their language with which they address them, or with which others address them. As for languages that God has not created anyone to speak them, they do not teach them to their children.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَإِنَّهُthere existsيُوجَدُthere areبَنُوthe children ofآدَمَAdamيَتَكَلَّمُونَwho speakبِأَلْفَاظٍwith termsمَاthatسَمِعُوهَاthey have heardقَطُّneverمِنْfromغَيْرِهِمothers.
And also, there exist the children of Adam who speak with terms that they have never heard from others.
وَالْعُلَمَاءُAnd the scholarsمِنَofالْمُفَسِّرِينَthe interpretersوَغَيْرِهِمand othersلَهُمْfor themفِيinالْأَسْمَاءِthe namesالَّتِيwhichعَلَّمَهَاtaught itآدَمُAdamقَوْلَانِtwo opinionsمَعْرُوفَانِknownعَنْfromالسَّلَفِthe predecessors.
And the scholars, from the interpreters and others, have two known opinions about the names that Adam was taught by.
أَحَدُهُمَاOne of them::أَنَّهُis that heإِنَّمَاmerelyعَلَّمَهُtaught himأَسْمَاءَnamesمِنْofيَعْقِلُthose who are rational.وَاحْتَجُّواAnd they arguedبِقَوْلِهِwith His saying::الْمَلَائِكَةِthe angels))[البقرة:[Al-Baqarah: ٣١31.]]قَالُواThey said::وَهَذَاAnd thisالضَّمِيرُpronounلَاnotيَكُونَbeإِلَّاexcept forمِنَthose who areيَعْقِلُونَrational.وَمَاAnd whatلَاnotيَعْقِلُrationalيُقَالُis saidفِيهَاabout it.،,عُرُضَهَاAddressed it.وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonقَالَit is saidأَبُوAbuالْعَالِيَةِAl-'Alyaعَلَّمَهُtaught himأَسْمَاءَthe namesالْمَلَائِكَةِof the angels.لَأَنَّهُBecause heلَمْnotيَكُنْthere wasحِينَئِذٍat that timeمِنْfromيَعْقِلٍthose who are rationalإِلَّاexcept forالْمَلَائِكَةِthe angels.,,وَلَاand notكَانَthere wasإِبْلِيسُIblisقَدْhaveاِنْفَصَلَseparatedعَنْfromالْمَلَائِكَةِthe angels.,,وَلَاand notكَانَthere wasلَهُfor himذُرِّيَّةٌoffspring.
One of them is that he merely taught him the names of those who are rational. And they argued with His saying: "the angels" [Al-Baqarah: 31]. They said: And this pronoun can only be for those who are rational, and what is not rational is said about it, addressing it. And for this reason, it is said that Abu Al-'Alya taught him the names of the angels, because at that time there was no one who was rational except the angels, and there was no Iblis who had separated from the angels, nor was there for him offspring.
وَقَالَAnd saidعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَانِAbdur Rahmanابْنُthe son ofزَيْدٍZaydابْنُthe son ofأَسْلَمَAslamعَلَّمَهُtaught himأَسْمَاءَthe namesذُرِّيَّةِthe offspringهَذَاof this.وَيُنَاسِبُAnd is consistentالْحَدِيثُthe narrationالَّذِيthatرَوَاهُwas narratedالتِّرْمِذِيُّby Al-Tirmidhiوَصَحَّحَهُand authenticated itعَنْfromالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺpeace be upon him.::«أَنَّthatآدَمَAdamسَأَلَaskedرَبَّهُhis Lordيُرِيهِto show himصُوَرَthe imagesالْأَنبيَاءِof the prophetsمِنْfromذُرِّيَّتِهِhis offspring.,,فَرَآهُمْand he saw them.فَرَأَىAnd he sawفِيهِمْamong themمِنْofيَبْصُرُونَthose who glean.فَقَالَHe said:: يَاOرَبِّLordهَذَاthis?:: قَالَHe said:: ابْنُكَyour sonدَاوُدُDawood.(۲)(2)..
And Abdur Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Aslam said that he taught him the names of his descendants, and this is consistent with the narration that was narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and authenticated from the Prophet (peace be upon him): "That Adam asked his Lord to show him the images of the prophets from his descendants, and he saw them, and among them he saw one who was glimmering between his eyes...".
فَيَكُونُSo it could beقَدhaveأَرَاهُshown himصُوَرَthe imagesذُرِّيَّتِهِof his offspring.,,أَوْorبَعْضِهِمsome of themوَأَسْمَائِهِمand their names.وَهَذِهِAnd theseأَسْمَاءٌare the namesأَعْلَامٌof prominent figuresلَاnotأَجْنَاسٌgenders.
So it could be that He showed him the images of his offspring, or some of them, and their names. And these are the names of prominent figures, not genders.
وَالثَّانِيAnd the second::أَنَّis thatاللَّهُGodعَلَّمَهُtaught himأَسْمَاءَthe namesكُلِّof everything.وَهَذَاAnd thisقَوْلٌsayingلِلْأَكْثَرِينَof the majorityكَابْنِlike IbnعَبَّاسٍAbbas.قَالَHe saidابْنُIbnعَبَّاسٍAbbasعَلَّمَهُtaught himحَتَّىevenالْفَسْوَةَthe vesselوَالْفَسِيَّةَand the dish.وَالْقَصْعَةَAnd the bowlوَالْقَصِيْعَةَand the small bowl.,,أَنَّthatمِنَfromمَاwhat
And the second is that God taught him the names of everything. And this is the saying of the majority like Ibn Abbas. Ibn Abbas said that he taught him even the vessel and the dish, and the bowl and the small bowl.