Al-Fawz al-Kabir fi Usul al-Tafsir

al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 103

الْعَدُوُّ،

enemy,

the enemy,

وَلَوْ

even

لَمْ

if

يَكُنْ

was not

هَذَا

this

الشَّخْصُ

person

الْمَوْصُوفُ

described

قَدْ

has

قَالَ

said

شَيْئًا

anything

مِنْ

of

ذَلِكَ

that

even if this described person has not said any of that

أَوْ

or

أَتَى

committed

بِعَمَلٍ

an action

مِنْ

from

هَذِهِ

these

الْأَعْمَالِ.

actions.

or committed an action from these actions.

أَوْ

Or

يَقُولُونَ:

they say:

Or they say:

فُلَانٌ

So-and-so

أَلْجَمَنِي

bridled me

أَوْ

or

أَخْرَسَ

silenced

لِسَانِي

my tongue

أَوْ

or

نَزَعَ

snatched

اللُّقْمَةَ

the morsel

مِنْ

from

فَمِي

my mouth

So-and-so bridled me, or silenced my tongue, or snatched the morsel from my mouth,

وَأَمْثَالَ

and the likes of

هَذِهِ

these

التَّعْبِيرَاتِ

expressions

الَّتِي

which

كُلُّهَا

all of them

مِنْ

are from

قَبِيلِ

the category of

تَصْوِيرِ

depicting

الْمَعْنَى

the meaning

الْمُرَادِ

intended

بِالصُّورَةِ

with the image

الْمَحْسُوسَةِ.

sensory.

and the likes of these expressions which are all from the category of depicting the intended meaning with a sensory image.

[تَعْرِيفُ

[Definition of

التَّعْرِيضِ:]

Al-Ta'reed (Allusion):]

[Definition of Al-Ta'reed (Allusion):]

وَأَمَّا

And as for

التَّعْرِيضُ

Al-Ta'reed

فَإِنَّهُ

it is

ذِكْرُ

mentioning

حُكْمٍ

a ruling

عَامٍّ

general

أَوْ

or

مُنْكَرٍ

disapproved matter

And as for Al-Ta'reed, it is mentioning a general ruling or a disapproved matter

مَعَ

along with

الْقَصْدِ

the intention

إِلَى

of

الْإِشَارَةِ

pointing

وَالتَّعْرِيضِ

and alluding

بِحَالِ

to the state of

شَخْصٍ

a person

خَاصٍّ

specific

أَوْ

or

التَّنْبِيهِ

alerting

إِلَى

to

شَخْصٍ

a person

مُعَيَّنٍ،

designated,

with the intention of pointing and alluding to the state of a specific person or alerting to a designated person,

وَتَرِدُ

and some of

بَعْضُ

the

خُصُوصِيَّاتِ

particulars of

ذَلِكَ

that

الشَّخْصِ

person

فِي

in

الْكَلَامِ،

the speech,

and some particulars of that person appear in the speech,

بَحَيْثُ

such that

تَعْرِفُ

it is known to

الْمُخَاطَبُ

the addressee

بِهِ

thereby

وَتَكْشِفُهُ

and it reveals it

لَهُ،

to him,

such that the addressee recognizes it and it is revealed to him,

وَيَنْبَغِي

and it is fitting

فِي

in

مِثْلِ

like

هَذِهِ

these

الْمَوَاضِعِ

places

أَنْ

that

يَكُونَ

be

قَارِئُ

reader of

الْقُرْآنِ

the Quran

الْكَرِيمِ

the Noble

مُتَيَقِّظًا

vigilant

فَطِنًا،

perceptive,

and in such places it is fitting that the reader of the Noble Quran be vigilant and perceptive,

وَيَحْتَاجُ

and he needs

إِلَى

to

الْقِصَّةِ

the story

أَيْضًا.

also.

and he also needs the story.

طَرِيقُ

Method of

النَّبِيِّ

the Prophet

- صَلَّى

- peace

اللَّهُ

be upon

عَلَيْهِ

him

وَسَلَّمَ -

and blessings -

فِي

in

التَّعْرِيضِ:

allusion:

The Method of the Prophet - may peace and blessings be upon him - in Allusion:

وَقَدْ

And

كَانَ

used to

النَّبِيُّ

the Prophet

- صَلَّى

- peace

اللَّهُ

be upon

عَلَيْهِ

him

وَسَلَّمَ -

and blessings -

إِذَا

when

أَرَادَ

he wanted

التَّعْرِيضَ

to allude

بِشَخْصٍ

to a person

وَالْإِنْكَارَ

and disapprove

عَلَيْهِ

of him

كَانَ

he would

يَقُولُ:

say:

And the Prophet - may peace and blessings be upon him - whenever he wanted to allude to a person and disapprove of him, he would say:

"مَا
"What
بَالُ
is the matter with
أَقْوَامٍ
people
يَفْعَلُونَ
who do
كَذَا
such and such
وَكَذَا".
and such?"

"What is the matter with people who do such and such?"

مِثَالٌ

An example

لِلتَّعْرِيضِ

of allusion

مِنَ

from

الْقُرْآنِ

the Quran

الْكَرِيمِ:

the Noble:

An example of allusion from the Noble Quran:

قَالَ
He said
- تَعَالَى -:
- Exalted is He -:
{وَمَا
{And it is not
كَانَ
befitting
لِمُؤْمِنٍ
for a believing man
وَلَا
nor
مُؤْمِنَةٍ
a believing woman
إِذَا
when
قَضَى
has decreed
اللَّهُ
Allah
وَرَسُولُهُ
and His Messenger
أَمْرًا}
a matter}

He - Exalted is He - said: {And it is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a matter}