Al-Fawz al-Kabir fi Usul al-Tafsir

al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 147

لَا

No

بُدَّ

escape

مِنْ

from

نَظَرَتَيْنِ

two views

إِلَى

towards

الْكَلِمَةِ:

the word:

There must be two views regarding the word:

وَلَا

And neither

بُدَّ

is there escape

لِلْمُفَسِّرِ

for the interpreter

الْعَادِلِ

the just

أَنْ

that

يَنْظُرَ

he looks

إِلَى

at

شَرْحِ

explanation

الْغَرِيبِ

of the rare words

نَظَرَتَيْنِ

two views

And the fair interpreter must look at the explanation of the rare words twice,

وَيَزِنَهُ

and weigh it

وَزْنًا

a weighing

عِلْمِيًّا

scientific

مَرَّتَيْنِ،

twice,

and weigh it scientifically twice,

مَرَّةً

once

فِي

in

اسْتِعْمَالَاتِ

usages

الْعَرَبِ

of the Arabs

حَتَّى

so that

يَعْرِفَ

he knows

أَيَّ

which

وَجْهٍ

aspect

مِنْ

of

وُجُوهِهَا

its aspects

أَقْوَى

stronger

وَأَرْجَحُ،

and more preponderant,

once in the usages of the Arabs so that he may know which of its aspects is strongest and most preponderant,

وَمَرَّةً

and a second time

ثَانِيَةً

again

فِي

in

مُنَاسَبَةِ

the relation of

السَّابِقِ

the preceding

وَاللَّاحِقِ

and the succeeding

بَعْدَ

after

إِحْكَامِ

mastering

مُقَدِّمَاتِ

preliminaries

هَذَا

of this

الْعِلْمِ

science

and a second time regarding the context of the preceding and succeeding passages after mastering the preliminaries of this science

وَتَتَبُّعِ

and tracing

مَوَارِدِ

the sources of

الِاسْتِعْمَالِ

usage

وَالْفَحْصِ

and examining

عَنِ

into

الْآثَارِ

the traditions/effects

حَتَّى

until

يَعْلَمَ

he knows

أَيَّ

which

صُورَةٍ

form

مِنْ

of

صُوَرِهَا

its forms

أَوْلَى

more worthy

وَأَنْسَبُ.

and more appropriate.

and tracing the sources of usage and examining the traditions, until he knows which of its forms is more worthy and appropriate.

وَقَدْ

And indeed

اسْتَنْبَطَ

deduced

الْفَقِيرُ

the poor servant (author)

فِي

in

هَذَا

this

الْبَابِ

chapter

اسْتِنْبَاطَاتٍ

deductions

لَطِيفَةً

subtle

جَدِيدَةً،

new,

And the humble author has deduced in this chapter subtle and novel deductions,

لَا

none

تَخْفَى

is hidden

لَطَافَتُهَا

their subtlety

وَدِقَّتُهَا

and precision

إِلَّا

except

عَلَى

to

قَلِيلِ

one of little

الْإِنْصَافِ

fairness

غَلِيظِ

coarse

الطَّبْعِ،

in temperament,

whose subtlety and precision are not hidden except to one of little fairness and coarse temperament.

فَمَثَلًا،

For example,

قَوْلُهُ

his saying

- تَعَالَى -:

- Most High -:

For example, His saying - the Most High -:

كُتِبَ
prescribed
عَلَيْكُمُ
upon you
الْقِصَاصُ
is legal retribution
فِي
concerning
الْقَتْلَى
the slain

"Prescribed for you is legal retribution concerning the slain"

حَمَلْتُهُ

I have carried/interpreted it

عَلَى

upon

مَعْنَى

the meaning of

تَكَافُؤِ

equality

الْقَتْلَى

of the slain

وَتَسَاوِيهِمْ،

and their being equal,

I interpreted it to mean the equivalence of the slain and their equality,

وَمُشَارَكَتِهِمْ

and their sharing

بَعْضُهُمْ

each other

مَعَ

with

بَعْضٍ

other

فِي

in

حُكْمٍ

a ruling

وَاحِدٍ،

single,

and their sharing with one another in a single ruling,

حَتَّى

so that

لَا

not

يُضْطَرَّ

one is forced

فِي

in

تَفْسِيرِ

interpreting

قَوْلِهِ

His saying

- تَعَالَى -

- Most High -

so that one is not forced in interpreting His saying - the Most High -

الْأُنْثَى
The female
بِالْأُنْثَى
for the female

"The female for the female"

إِلَى

to

الْقَوْلِ

asserting

بِالنَّسْخِ،

abrogation,

to asserting abrogation,

وَلَا

and not

يَحْتَاجَ

does he need

إِلَى

to

إِرْدَادِ

bringing forth

تَوْجِيهَاتٍ،

justifications,

nor does he need to bring forth justifications

تَضْمَحِلُّ

which vanish

وَتَسْقُطُ

and fall

بِأَدْنَى

with the slightest

نَظَرٍ

glance

وَتَفْكِيرٍ.

and thought.

that vanish and fall with the slightest glance and thought.

وَكَذَلِكَ

And similarly

حَمَلْتُ

I interpreted

قَوْلَهُ

His saying

- تَعَالَى -:

- Most High -:

And similarly I interpreted His saying - the Most High -:

يَسْأَلُونَكَ
They ask you
عَنِ
about
الْأَهِلَّةِ
the new moons

"They ask you about the new moons"

عَلَى

as

يَسْأَلُونَكَ

they ask you

عَنِ

about

الْأَشْهُرِ،

the months,

as meaning they ask you about the months,

أَيْ

that is

أَشْهُرِ

the months of

الْحَجِّ.

Hajj.

that is, the months of Hajj.

فَقَالَ:

He said:

So He said:

هِيَ
They are
مَوَاقِيتُ
measurements of time
لِلنَّاسِ
for the people
وَالْحَجِّ
and for Hajj

"They are measurements of time for the people and for Hajj"

وَهَكَذَا

And likewise

قَوْلُهُ

His saying

- عَزَّ

- Almighty

وَجَلَّ -:

and Majestic -:

And likewise His saying - Almighty and Majestic -:

هُوَ
He is
الَّذِي
the one who
أَخْرَجَ
expelled
الَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُوا
disbelieved
مِنْ
from
أَهْلِ
the people of
الْكِتَابِ
the Scripture
مِنْ
from
دِيَارِهِمْ
their homes
لِأَوَّلِ
at the first
الْحَشْرِ
gathering

"He is the one who expelled those who disbelieved from the people of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering"

فَالْمُرَادُ

So the intended meaning

بِهِ:

by it is:

لِأَوَّلِ

for the first

جَمْعِ

gathering of

الْجُنُودِ،

the armies,

So the intended meaning by it is: for the first gathering of the armies,