Al-Fawz al-Kabir fi Usul al-Tafsir

al fawz al kabir fi usul al tafsir

Page 154

وَيَتَمَسَّكُ

And he holds fast

بِمَا

to what

يَظْهَرُ

appears

مِن

from

دَلَالَتِهَا

its indication,

And he holds fast to what appears from its indication,

سَوَاءٌ

whether

خَالَفَ

it opposed

مَذْهَبَهُ

his school of thought

أَوْ

or

وَافَقَهُ.

agreed with it.

whether it opposed his school of thought or agreed with it.

وَيَلْزَمُ

And it is necessary

أَنْ

that

يَفْهَمَ

he understands

لُغَةَ

the language of

الْقُرْآنِ

the Quran

الْكَرِيمِ

the Noble

And it is necessary that he understands the language of the Noble Quran

عَنْ

through

طَرِيقِ

the way of

اسْتِعْمَالَاتِ

usages of

الْعَرَبِ

the Arabs

الْأَوَّلِينَ

the early ones

وَتَعْبِيرَاتِهِمْ،

and their expressions,

through the usages of the early Arabs and their expressions,

وَأَنْ

and that

يَعْتَمِدَ

he relies

- كُلِّيًا -

- completely -

عَلَى

upon

آثَارِ

the traditions of

الصَّحَابَةِ

the Companions

وَالتَّابِعِينَ

and the Successors

- رَضِيَ

- may be pleased

اللَّهُ

Allah

عَنْهُمْ -.

with them -.

and that he relies - completely - upon the traditions of the Companions and the Successors - may Allah be pleased with them -.

[تَدَافُعٌ

[A conflict

فِي

in

نَحْوِ

the grammar of

الْقُرْآنِ:]

the Quran:]

[Conflict in the grammar of the Quran:]

وَقَدْ

And indeed

وَقَعَ

has occurred

خَلَلٌ

a flaw

عَجِيبٌ

strange

وَتَدَافُعٌ

and a conflict

فِي

in

نَحْوِ

the grammar of

الْقُرْآنِ

the Quran

الْكَرِيمِ،

the Noble,

And indeed a strange flaw and conflict has occurred in the grammar of the Noble Quran,

وَهُوَ

and it is

أَنَّ

that

طَائِفَةً

a group

مِنَ

from

الْمُفَسِّرِينَ

the commentators

اخْتَارُوا

chose

مَذْهَبَ

the school of

سِيبَوَيْهِ،

Sibawayh,

and it is that a group from the commentators chose the school of Sibawayh,

فَيُؤَوِّلُونَ

so they interpret

كُلَّ

every

مَا

what

خَالَفَ

opposed

مَذْهَبَهُ

his school

مَهْمَا

no matter how

كَانَ

was

التَّأْوِيلُ

the interpretation

بَعِيدًا

far-fetched

غَيْرَ

unacceptable

مُسْتَسَاغٍ،

and unpalatable,

so they interpret every what opposed his school no matter how far-fetched and unpalatable the interpretation was,

وَهَذَا

and this

لَا

not

يَصِحُّ

is correct

عِنْدِي،

in my view,

and this is not correct in my view,

بَلْ

rather

يَجِبُ

it is obligatory

الْأَخْذُ

to take

بِالْأَوْلَى

by what is more deserving

وَالْأَوْفَقِ

and more appropriate

بِالسِّيَاقِ

to the context

rather it is obligatory to take what is more deserving and more appropriate to the context

سَوَاءٌ

whether

وَافَقَ

it agreed with

مَذْهَبَ

the school of

سِيبَوَيْهِ

Sibawayh

أَوْ

or

مَذْهَبَ

the school of

الْفَرَّاءِ.

al-Farra'.

whether it agreed with the school of Sibawayh or the school of al-Farra'.

إِعْرَابُ

The parsing of

"الْمُقِيمِينَ

"Al-Muqimin

الصَّلَاةَ":

As-Salah":

The parsing of "Al-Muqimin As-Salah":

وَقَدْ

And indeed

قَالَ

said

عُثْمَانُ

Uthman

- رَضِيَ

- may be pleased

اللَّهُ

Allah

عَنْهُ -

with him -

فِي

regarding

مِثْلِ

like

قَوْلِ

the statement of

- تَعَالَى -

- the Most High -

And indeed Uthman - may Allah be pleased with him - said regarding something like the statement of - the Most High -

{وَالْمُقِيمِينَ

{"And those who establish

الصَّلَاةَ

prayer

وَالْمُؤْتُونَ

and those who give

زَكَاةَ}

zakah}

سَتُقِيمُهَا

The Arabs will straighten it

الْعَرَبُ

Arabs

بِأَلْسِنَتِهَا.

with their tongues.

{"And those who establish prayer and those who give zakah} The Arabs will straighten it with their tongues.

وَتَحْقِيقُ

And verification of

هَذِهِ

this

الْكَلِمَةِ

word

عِنْدِي

in my view

أَنَّ

is that

مَا

what

يُخَالِفُ

opposes

التَّرَاكِيبَ

the general structures

الْعَامَّةَ

general

لِلْكَلَامِ،

of speech,

And verification of this word in my view is that what opposes the general structures of speech,

وَيَرِدُ

and occurs

فِي

in

كَلَامِ

the speech of

أَهْلِ

the people of

اللُّغَةِ

the language

الَّذِينَ

who

يُحْتَجُّ

are taken as authority

بِهِ

by them

فَهُوَ

then it is

مِنَ

from

التَّرَاكِيبِ

the structures

الْمَقْبُولَةِ

accepted

الصَّحِيحَةِ،

and correct,

and occurs in the speech of the people of the language who are taken as authority by them, then it is from the accepted and correct structures,

وَكَثِيرًا

and often

مَا

what

وَقَعَ

occurred

لِلْعَرَبِ

for the Arabs

الْأَوَّلِينَ

the early ones

أَثْنَاءَ

during

خُطَبِهِمْ

their speeches

كَلِمَاتٌ

words

وَتَرَاكِيبُ

and structures

هِيَ

that are

مُخَالِفَةٌ

contrary to

لِلْقَوَاعِدِ

the rules

الْمَعْرُوفَةِ

known

فِي

in

الْفَنِّ

the discipline

(فَهِيَ

(so they are

مِنْ

from

قَبِيلِ

the category of

النَّادِرِ

rare

الِاسْتِعْمَالِ).

usage).

and often occurred for the early Arabs during their speeches words and structures that are contrary to the rules known in the discipline (so they are from the category of rare usage).

وَلَمَّا

And since

أَنَّ

that

الْقُرْآنَ

the Quran

الْكَرِيمَ

the Noble

نَزَلَ

was revealed

بِلُغَةِ

in the language of

الْعَرَبِ

the Arabs

الْأَوَّلِينَ،

the early ones,

And since the Noble Quran was revealed in the language of the early Arabs,

فَلَا

then there is no

عَجَبَ

wonder

إِذَا

if

جَاءَتْ

came

فِيهِ

in it

الْيَاءُ

the letter ya

(لِحَالَةِ

(for the state of

النَّصْبِ)

nasb)

مَكَانَ

in place of

الْوَاوِ

the letter waw

(لِحَالَةِ

(for the state of

then there is no wonder if the letter ya (for the state of nasb) came in it in place of the letter waw (for the state of