The first chapter

In the science of debate

Debate occurred in the Noble Quran

with the four false sects

the polytheists, the Jews, the Christians, and the hypocrites.

Two ways for debate in the Noble Quran:

And this debate and argumentation were upon two ways:

The first is that you mention the false belief

and its enormity, corruption, and denunciation are explicitly stated, only.

The second is that you determine the doubts into which these sects fell,

then you present its solutions and answers with demonstrative or rhetorical proofs.

The concept of the Hanif:

And the polytheists used to call themselves "Hanif"

and claiming to practice the religion of the creed of our master Abraham - peace be upon him -.

And the Hanif is the one who belongs to Abraham - peace be upon him -

and practices his creed, and adheres to his rituals.