وَمِنَAndتَوَكَّلَreliedعَلَىonاللَّهِGodوَلَكِنَّbutلَمْdid notيَفْعَلْdoالسَّبَبَthe causeالَّذِيwhichأَذِنَallowedاللَّهُGodفِيهِ؛in it;فَهُوَthen he isغَيْرُnotصَادِقٍ،truthful,بَلْratherإِنَّthatعَدَمَnot doingفِعْلَto performالأَسْبَابِthe reasonsسَفَهٌfoolishnessفِيinالْعَقْلِthe mindوَنَقْصٌand deficiencyفِيinالدِّينِ؛the religion;لِأَنَّهُbecauseطَعْنٌa clear blowوَاضِحٌclearفِيinحِكْمَةِthe wisdomاللَّهِ.of God.
And whoever relies on God but does not do the cause that God has allowed in it; he is not truthful, rather the lack of doing causes is foolishness in the mind and a deficiency in religion; because it is a clear blow to the wisdom of God.
وَالْتَّوَكُّلُAnd relianceعَلَىonاللَّهِGodهُوَisشَطْرٌhalfالدِّينِ؛of the religion;كَمَاasقَالَHe saidتَعَالَى:Glory be to Him:﴿(إِيَّاكَYou aloneنَعْبُدُwe worshipوَإِيَّاكَand You aloneنَسْتَعِينُwe seek help from﴾)[الفاتحة:[Al-Fatiha:٥]،5],وَالِاسْتِعَانَةُAnd seeking helpبِاللَّهِfrom Godتَعَالَىthe Exaltedهِيَisثَمَرَةٌthe fruitالتَّوَكُّلِ؛of reliance;فَاعْبُدُوهُSo worship Himوَتَوَكَّلْand relyعَلَيْهِ﴾on Him﴾[هُود[Hud::١٢٣].123].
And reliance on God is half of the religion; as He said: “You alone we worship and You alone we seek help from” [Al-Fatiha: 5], and seeking help from God the Exalted is the fruit of reliance; so worship Him and rely on Him﴾ [Hud: 123].
وَلِهَذَا؛And for this reason;فَإِنَّindeedمَنْwhoeverتَوَكَّلَreliesعَلَىonغَيْرِother thanاللَّهِGodلَاdoes notيَخْلُوlackمِنْofثَلاثَةٍthreeأَقْسَامٍ:categories:
And for this reason; whoever relies on other than God does not lack three categories:
أَوَّلًا:First:أَنْthatيَتَوَكَّلَhe reliesتَوَكُّلًاrelianceاعْتِمَادًاwith relianceوَتَعْبُدَ؛and worship;فَهَذَاthis isشِرْكٌpolytheismأَكْبَرُ؛the greatest;كَأَنَّas ifيَعْتَقِدُhe believesأَنْthatهَذَاthisالْمُتَوَكَّلُthe one relied uponعَلَيْهِon himهُوَisالَّذِيthe one whoيَجْلِبُbringsلَهُfor himكُلَّeveryخَيْرٍgoodوَيَدْفَعُand repelsعَنْهُfrom himكُلَّeveryشَرٍّ،evil,فَيُفَوِّضُso he delegatesأَمْرَهُhis matterإِلَيْهِto himتَفْوِيضًاdelegationكَامِلًاcompleteفِيinجَلْبِbringingالْمَنَافِعِbenefitsوَدَفْعِand repellingالْمَضَارِّ،harm,مَعَwithاقْتِرَانِaccompaniedذَٰلِكَthisبِالْخَشْيَةِ،with fear,وَالرَّجَاءِand hopeوَلَاand notفَرْقٌdifferenceبَيْنَbetweenأَنْthatيَكُونَit isالْمُتَوَكِّلُthe one relied uponعَلَيْهِ؛on him;حَيًّاaliveأَوْorمَيِّتًا؛dead;لِأَنَّbecauseهَذَاthisالتَّفْوِيضُdelegationلَاdoes notيَصِحُّis validإِلَّاexceptلِلَّهِ.to God.
Firstly: to rely with reliance and worship; this is the greatest polytheism; as if he believes that this one relied upon is the one who brings him all good and repels all evil, so he completely delegates his matter to him in bringing benefits and repelling harm, accompanied by fear and hope, and there is no difference whether the one relied upon is alive or dead; because this delegation is only valid to God.
ثَانِيًا :Secondly:أَنْthatيَتَوَكَّلَhe reliesعَلَىonغَيْرِother thanاللَّهِGodبِشَيْءٍin somethingمِنْofالاِعْتِمَادِrelianceلَكِنَّbutفِيهِin itإِيمَانٌbeliefبِأَنَّهُthat he isسَبَبٌ،a cause;وَأَنَّand thatالأَمْرَthe matterإِلَىtoاللَّهِ؛God;كَاَتَوَكُّلِlike relyingكَثِيرٌmanyمِنَofالنَّاسِpeopleعَلَىonالْمُلُوكِthe kingsوَالأَمَرَاءِand the princesفِيinتَحْصِيلِsecuringمَعَاشِهِمْ؛their livelihood;فَهَذَاthis isنَوْعٌa typeمِنْofالشِّرْكِpolytheismالأَصْغَرِ.the lesser.
Secondly: to rely on other than God in some reliance while having the belief that he is a cause, and that the matter is to God; like many people relying on kings and princes in securing their livelihood; this is a type of minor polytheism.
ثَالِثًا:Thirdly:أَنْthatيَتَوَكَّلَhe reliesعَلَىonشَخْصٍa personعَلَىasأَنَّهُthat he isنَائِبٌa deputyعَنْهُ،for him,وَأَنَّand thatهَذَاthisالْمُتَوَكَّلُthe one relied uponفَوْقَهُ؛above him;كَتَوَكُّلٍlike relyingالإِنْسَانِa humanعَلَىonالْوَكِيلِthe agentفِيinبَيْعٍsaleوَشِرَاءِand purchaseوَنَحْوِهُمَاand similar actionsمِمَّاof whatتَدْخُلُهُenters into it;الْنِّيَابَةِ؛the representation;فَهَذَاthis isجَائِزٌ،valid,وَلَاand notيُنَافِيcontradictsالتَّوَكُّلَrelianceعَلَىonاللَّهِ،God,وَقَدْand indeed,وَكَّلَdelegatedالنَّبِيُّthe ProphetأَلَاexceptاللَّهِGodوَأَصْحَابَهُand his companionsفِيinالْبَيْعِthe saleوَالشِّرَاءِand purchaseوَنَحْوِهُمَا.and similar actions.
Thirdly: to rely on a person as if he is a representative for him, and that this one relied upon is above him; like a person relying on the agent in sale and purchase and similar actions; this is valid, and does not contradict relying on God, and indeed the Prophet and his companions delegated it in sale and purchase and similar actions.