وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَand the emigrantsفِيinسَبِيلِthe path ofاللَّهِAllah
And the emigrants in the path of Allah.
وَكُلَّAnd allهَذِهِtheseالأوصافattributesثَابِتَةٌare establishedفِيinحَقِّthe right ofمِسْطَحٍMisterفَهُوَSo he isقَرِيبٌcloseوَمِسْكِينٌand poorوَمُهَاجِرٌand an emigrant
And all these attributes are established in the right of Mister; he is close, poor, and an emigrant.
وَلْيَعْفُواAnd let them pardonوَلْيَصْفَحُواand let them overlookأَلَاWould you notتُحِبُّونَloveأَنْthatيَغْفِرَHe forgivesاللَّهُAllahلَكُمfor youوَاللَّهُAnd Allahغَفُورٌis Forgivingرَّحِيمٌand Merciful
And let them pardon and overlook. Would you not love that Allah forgives you? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
فَقَالَThen Abu Bakr saidأَبُوAbuبَكْرٍBakr
Then Abu Bakr said: Yes, by Allah; we love that Allah forgives us!
فَرَدَّSo he respondedعَلَيْهِto him.النَّفَقَةَthe expenditure.
So he responded to him the expenditure.
هَذَاThis isهُوَisمَاwhatنَزَلَتْwas revealedفِيهُin it.
This is what was revealed in it.
أَمَّاAs forتَفْسِيرُهَاits interpretationفَقَوْلُهُthen his statementوَلْيَعْفُواLet them pardonوَلْيَصْفَحُواand overlookاللامThe 'lam'لامlamالأمر،of command,وَسَكَنَتْis silentلِأَنَّهَاbecause it
As for its interpretation: then his statement, 'let them pardon and overlook,' the lam of command is silent because it comes after the 'wa', and the lam of command is silent when it comes after the 'wa' or 'fa' or 'thum'.
قَالَGod saidاللَّهُAllahتَعَالَىthe Most HighوَمَنAnd whoeverقُدِرَis predestinedعَلَيْهِupon himرِزْقُهُis his provisionفَلْيُنفِقْlet him spendمِمَّاof whatءَالَهُGod has provided for himاللَّهُAllah
God said: 'The Most High, and whoever is predestined upon him is his provision, let him spend of what God has provided for him.'
وَقَالَAnd He saidتَعَالَىMost HighثُمَّThenلْيَقْضُواlet them fulfillتَفَنَهُمْtheir obligation
And He said: 'Then let them fulfill their obligation.'
هَذَاThisإِذَاIfكَانَتْwasلَّامُthe 'lam'أَمْرٍ،for command,أَمَّاHowever,إِذَاIfكَانَتْwasلَّامُthe 'lam'تَعْلِيلٍ؛for reasoning;فَإِنَّهَاthen itتَبْقَىremainsمَكْسُورَةً،broken,لاnotتَسْكُنُ،silent,إِنْifوَلَّتْit was followed byهَذِهَاthese
This is if it was for command, but if it was for reasoning; then it remains broken, not silent, if it was followed by these.
قَوْلُهُAs for his statementوَلِيَعْفُو'Let him pardon'مَعْنَاهُmeansيَتَجَاوَزُواto surpassعَنْfromالْأَخْذِtakingبِالذَّنْبِ.the sin.
As for his statement 'Let him pardon,' it means to surpass the taking of the sin.
وَلِيَصْفَحُوا؛And let them overlook;يَعْنِي:means:يُعْرِضُواto turn awayعَنْfromهَذَاthisالْأَمْرِ،the matter,وَلَاand notيَتَكَلَّمُواspeak about it;مَأْخُوذٌtakenمِنfromصَفْحَةِsideالْعُنُقِ،of the neck,وَهِيَand it isجَانِبُهَا؛its side;لِأَنَّbecauseالْإِنْسَانَthe humanإِذَاIfأَعْرَضَ؛he turns away;فَالَّذِيthen that whichيَبْدُوappearsمِنْهُfrom himصَفْحَةُis the sideالْعُنُقِ.of the neck.
And let them overlook; it means to turn away from this matter, and not speak about it; it is taken from the side of the neck, because when a human turns away, what appears from him is the side of the neck.
وَالْفَرْقُAnd the differenceبَيْنَbetweenالْعَفْوِpardonوَالصَّفْحِand overlookingأَنَّthatالْإِنْسَانَthe humanقَدْmayيَعْفُوpardonوَلَاand notيَصْفَحُ،overlook,بَلْbutيَذْكُرُhe mentionsهَذَاthisالْعُدْوَانَthe offense;وَهَذِهِand thisالإِسَاءَةَ،the wrong,لَكِنَّbutلَاnotيَأْخُذُhe takesبِالذَّنْبِ؛on the sin;فَالْصَّفْحُSo overlookingأَبْلَغُis more profoundمِنْthanمَجَرَّدِjustالْعَفْوِ.pardon.
And the difference between pardon and overlooking is that a human may pardon but not overlook; he may mention this offense and this wrong, but he does not take the sin; so overlooking is more profound than just pardon.
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His statementأَلَاWould you notتُحِبُّونَloveأَنْthatيَغْفِرَHe forgivesاللَّهُAllahلَكُمfor you
And His statement: 'Would you not love that Allah forgives you?'
وَاللَّهُAnd Allahغَفُورٌis Forgivingرَّحِيمٌand Merciful
And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.