الْحُكْمُThe rulingعَلَىonالْمَسْأَلَةِthe issueوَبَيَانُand clarificationحِلِّهَاof its permissibilityأَوْorحُرْمَتِهَاits prohibitionأَوْorوُجُوبِهَاits obligationوَأَثَرِهَاand its effectعَلَىonالتَّوْحِيدِmonotheism.
The ruling on the issue and clarification of its permissibility, prohibition, or obligation, and its effect on monotheism.
ذِكْرُMentioningالتَّقْسِيمَاتِthe divisionsوَإِتْبَاعُهَاand following themبِفَائِدَةٍwith a benefitأَوْorفَوَائِدَbenefitsمِمَّاfrom whatيَحْتَاجُneedsإِلَيْهِto itالْبَاحِثُthe researcher.وَهَذَاAnd thisالتَّرْتِيبُarrangementفِيinالْجُمْلَةِgeneral,وَرُبَّمَاand perhapsخَالَفْتُI deviatedهَذَاthisالْمَنْهَجَmethodologyفِيinبَعْضِsomeالْمَوَاطِنِplacesلِسَبَبٍfor a reasonيَقْتَضِيthat necessitatesذَلِكَthat.
Mentioning the divisions and following them with a benefit or benefits that the researcher needs. This is the general arrangement, and I may have deviated from this methodology in some instances for a reason that necessitates it.
وَقَدْAnd I haveحَاوَلْتُtriedالِابْتِعَادَto stay awayعَنِfromالتَّكْرَارِrepetitionقَدْرَas much asالْإِمْكَانِpossibleمَعَwithصُعُوبَةِthe difficultyذَلِكَof that.فَإِذَاSo ifرَأَيْتَyou seeأَبْوَابًاchaptersمُتَشَابِهَةًsimilarفِيinالْأَسْمَاءِnamesوَظَهَرَand it appearsلَكَto youعَدَمُthe absence ofالْفَرْقِdifferenceبَيْنَهُمَاbetween themفَإِنَّthenالْمَسَائِلَthe issuesالْمُنْدَرِجَةَincludedتَحْتَهَاunder themتَخْتَلِفُdifferعَنْfromغَيْرِهَاothers.فَمَثَلًاFor example,أَبْوَابُthe chapters ofالْكُفْرِdisbeliefوَالتَّكْفِيرِexcommunicationوَالْعُذْرِthe excuseبِالْجَهْلِby ignoranceوَالرِّدَّةِand apostasyبَيْنَهَاamong themشَبَهٌsimilarityكَبِيرٌgreatمِنْfromحَيْثُthe aspect ofالْمَعْنَىmeaning,وَلَكِنْbutفِيinبَابِthe chapter ofالْكُفْرِdisbelief,ذَكَرْتُI mentionedتَعْرِيفَهُits definitionوَأَنْوَاعَهُand its types,وَالْفَرْقَand the differenceبَيْنَbetweenكُفْرِdisbeliefالِاعْتِقَادِof beliefوَكُفْرِand disbeliefالْعَمَلِof actionوَغَيْرِand otherذَلِكَthan that.أَمَّاAs forبَابُthe chapter ofالرِّدَّةِapostasy,فَفَذَكَرْتُso I mentionedفِيهِin itأَقْسَامَthe divisionsالرِّدَّةِof apostasy,وَأَنَّand thatالْكُفْرَdisbeliefيَكُونُoccursبِالْقَوْلِby speech,وَبِالْعَمَلِby action,وَبِالِاعْتِقَادِby belief,وَالتَّرْكِby abandonment,وَالشَّكِّand by doubt,وَمَاand whatيَتَرَتَّبُresultsعَلَىfromالْمُرْتَدِّthe apostateمِنْofآثَارٍconsequences.وَفِيAnd inبَابِthe chapter ofالتَّكْفِيرِexcommunication,ذَكَرْتُI mentionedالنُّصُوصَthe textsالْوَارِدَةَthat have come downفِيregardingالتَّحْذِيرِthe warningمِنَfromالتَّكْفِيرِexcommunicationبِغَيْرِwithoutدَلِيلٍevidenceشَرْعِيٍّIslamicوَلَاnorعِلْمٍknowledge,وَالتَّفْرِيقَand distinguishingبَيْنَbetweenالْإِطْلَاقِgeneral rulingsوَالتَّعْيِينِand specific application,وَمَعْرِفَةَand knowingمَوَانِعِthe impedimentsالتَّكْفِيرِto excommunicationكَالْإِكْرَاهِsuch as compulsion,وَالْخَطَأِmistake,وَالتَّأْوِيلِmisinterpretation,وَالْعَجْزِand inability.أَمَّاAs forبَابُthe chapter ofعَارِضِthe impedimentالْجَهْلِof ignorance,فَذَكَرْتُso I mentionedفِيهِin itضَوَابِطَthe regulationsالْعُذْرِfor the excuseبِالْجَهْلِof ignoranceوَمَعْنَىand the meaningقِيَامِof the establishmentالْحُجَّةِof the proof,وَأَنَّand thatعَدَمَهَاits absenceمَانِعٌis an impedimentمِنْtoتَكْفِيرِexcommunicatingالْمُعَيَّنِa specific individual,كَمَاjust asأَوْضَحْتُI clarifiedالْمُرَادَthe intended meaningمِنْofبُلُوغِreachingالْحُجَّةِthe proofوَفَهْمِهَاand understanding it,وَأَنَّand thatالْجَهْلَignoranceلَاdoes notيَكُونُoccurفِيمَاin mattersهُوَthat areمَعْلُومٌknownمِنَfromالدِّينِthe religionبِالضَّرُورَةِnecessarily,وَغَيْرِand otherذَلِكَthan that.
I have tried to avoid repetition as much as possible, despite the difficulty. If you see chapters similar in names and it appears to you that there is no difference between them, then the issues included under them differ from others. For example, the chapters of Disbelief, Excommunication, Excuse by ignorance, and Apostasy have great similarities in meaning. However, in the chapter of Disbelief, I mentioned its definition and types, and the difference between disbelief of belief and disbelief of action, and other than that. As for the chapter of Apostasy, I mentioned in it the divisions of apostasy, and that disbelief occurs by speech, action, belief, abandonment, and doubt, and what results from the apostate of consequences. In the chapter of Excommunication, I mentioned the texts regarding warning against excommunication without Islamic evidence or knowledge, and distinguishing between general pronouncements and specific individuals, and knowing the impediments to excommunication, such as compulsion, mistake, misinterpretation, and inability. As for the chapter of the impediment of ignorance, I mentioned in it the regulations for the excuse by ignorance and the meaning of the establishment of the proof, and that its absence is an impediment to excommunicating a specific individual. I also clarified the intended meaning of reaching the proof and understanding it, and that ignorance does not occur in what is necessarily known from the religion, and other than that.
وَقَدْAnd it mayتَرِدُoccurالْمَسْأَلَةُthe issueفِيinبَابٍa chapterفَلَاso I do notأَتَكَلَّمُspeakعَنْهَاabout it,بَلْbut ratherأُحِيلُI referعَلَىtoبَابٍa chapterآخَرَanotherمُشَابِهٍsimilarذَكَرْتُin which I mentionedفِيهِin itهَذِهِthisالْمَسْأَلَةَissueبِالتَّفْصِيلِin detail,كَـsuch asمَسْأَلَةِthe issue ofحُكْمِthe rulingالذَّهَابِof goingلِلْكُهَّانِto soothsayers;إِذْasيَحْتَمِلُit may beذِكْرُهَاmentionedفِيinبَابِthe chapters ofالْعَرَّافِsoothsayers,أَوْorالْكَاهِنِsorcerers,أَوْorالتَّنْجِيمِastrology.فَفَصَّلْتُSo I detailedالْكَلَامَthe discussionعَنْهَاabout itفِيinبَابِthe chapter ofالْكِهَانَةِsorcery.أَمَّاAs forالْأَبْوَابُthe otherالْأُخْرَىchapters,فَعِنْدَthen uponذِكْرِmentioningهَذِهِthisالْمَسْأَلَةِissue,فَإِنِّيIأُحِيلُreferعَلَىtoالْبَابِthe chapterالَّذِيin whichفَصَّلْتُI detailedفِيهِit.
An issue may arise in a chapter, so I do not discuss it but rather refer to another similar chapter where I mentioned this issue in detail, such as the issue of the ruling on going to soothsayers. It may be mentioned in the chapter of soothsayers, sorcerers, or astrology. So I detailed the discussion about it in the chapter of sorcery. As for the other chapters, upon mentioning this issue, I refer to the chapter where I detailed it.
أَمَّاAs forالْأَبْوَابُthe chapters,فَقَدْI haveرَتَّبْتُهَاarranged themتَرْتِيبًاin anهَجَائِيًّاalphabetical order,مُرَاعِيًاtaking into considerationفِيهِin itشُهْرَةَthe prominenceاللَّفْظِof the wordدُونَwithoutاعْتِبَارٍconsideringلِأَصْلِthe rootاشْتِقَاقِهِof its derivation.فَلَمْSo I have notأَلْتَزِمْadheredبِمَاto whatالْتَزَمَadheredبِهِto itأَصْحَابُthe authorsالْمَعَاجِمِof dictionariesاللُّغَوِيَّةِlinguistic;بَلْratherرَتَّبْتُI arrangedالْأَبْوَابَthe chaptersوِفْقَaccording toلَفْظِهَاtheir wordingالْمَذْكُورِmentionedفِيinكُتُبِthe booksأَهْلِof the peopleالْعِلْمِof knowledgeوَحَسَبَand according toذِكْرِthe mentionالْعُلَمَاءِof scholarsلَهَاof them,كَمَاas I alsoأَهْمَلْتُomittedأَلْAl.
As for the chapters, I have arranged them alphabetically, taking into consideration the prominence of the word without considering its root of derivation. I have not adhered to what linguistic lexicographers have adhered to; rather, I arranged the chapters according to their wording mentioned in the books of the people of knowledge and according to the mention of scholars of them, and I also omitted Al.