أَنَّThatأَصْلُthe originالدِّينِof the religionفِيinالْحَقِيقَةِthe realityهُوَisالْأُمُورُthe mattersالْبَاطِنَةُhiddenمِنْofالْعُلُومِthe sciencesوَالْأَعْمَالِand the deedsوَأَنَّand thatالْأَعْمَالَthe actionsالظَّاهِرَةَthe apparentلَاdo notتَنْفَعَbenefitبِدُونِهَاwithout it
That the origin of the religion in reality is the hidden matters of sciences and deeds, and that the apparent actions do not benefit without them.
كَمَاAsقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)فِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالَّذِيwhichرَوَاهُwas narrated byأَحْمَدُAhmadفِيinمُسْنَدِهِhis Musnad
As the Prophet (peace be upon him) said in the hadith narrated by Ahmad in his Musnad.
الإِسْلَامُIslamعَلَانِيَةًis publicوَالْإِيمَانُand the faithفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heart
Islam is public, and faith is in the heart.
وَلِهَذَاAnd for thisقَالَthe Prophet(صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)
And for this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said.
الْحَلَالُThe lawfulبَيِّنٌis clearوَالْحَرَامُand the unlawfulبَيِّنٌis clearوَبَيْنَand betweenذَٰلِكَthatأُمُورٌare mattersمُشْتَبَهَاتٌthat are doubtfulلَاdo notيَعْلَمُهُنَّmany people know themكَثِيرٌa lotمِنَofالنَّاسِthe people
The lawful is clear and the unlawful is clear. And between that are doubtful matters that many people do not know.
فَمَنِSo whoeverاتَّقَىfearsالشُّبُهَاتِthe doubtful mattersاسْتَبْرَأَprotects himselfلِعَرْضِهِfor his honorوَدِينِهِand his religion.
So whoever fears the doubtful matters protects himself for his honor and his religion.
وَمَنِAnd whoeverوَقَعَfallsفِيintoالشُّبُهَاتِthe doubtful mattersوَقَعَfallsفِيintoالْحَرَامِthe unlawful.كَالرَّاعِيLike the shepherdيَرْعَىwho grazesحَوْلَaroundالْحِمَىthe sanctuaryيُوشِكُis aboutأَنْtoيَقَعَfallفِيهِinto it.
And whoever falls into the doubtful matters falls into the unlawful, like the shepherd who grazes around the sanctuary is about to fall into it.
أَلَاBewareوَإِنَّthat indeedلَكُمthere is for youمَلِكٌa kingحِمَىًhis sanctuary.أَلَاBewareوَإِنَّand indeedحِمَىًthe sanctuary of Godمَحَارِمَهُis his prohibitions.أَلَاBewareوَإِنَّand indeedفِيinالْجَسَدِthe bodyمُضْغَةٌthere is a small piece.إِذَاIfصَلَحَتْit is goodصَلَحَthe bodyكُلُّهُall of it.وَإِذَاAnd ifفَسَدَتْit becomes corruptفَسَدَall the body.لَهَاIt is the heart.
Beware! And indeed there is for you a king's sanctuary. Beware! And indeed the sanctuary of God is His prohibitions. Beware! And indeed in the body there is a small piece; if it is good, the whole body is good. And if it becomes corrupt, all the body becomes corrupt; it is the heart.
وَعَنْAnd aboutأَبِيAbuهُرَيْرَةَHurairaقَالَsaidالْقَلْبُthe heartمَلِكٌis a king.وَالْأَعْضَاءُAnd the limbsجُنُودُهُare his soldiers.فَإِذَاSo ifطَابَit becomes pureالْمَلِكُthe kingطَابَتْthe soldiers.جُنُودُهُhis soldiers.وَإِذَاAnd ifخَبُثَit is corrupt.خَبُثَتْthe soldiers.جُنُودُهُhis soldiers.
And about Abu Huraira, it was said that the heart is a king, and the limbs are his soldiers. So if the king is pure, his soldiers are pure; and if it is corrupt, his soldiers are corrupt.
فَصْلٌA section.وَهَذِهِAnd theseالْأَعْمَالُthe deedsالْبَاطِنَةُare internalكَمَحَبَّةِlike the loveاللَّهِof God.وَالْإِخْلَاصِAnd sincerityلَهُto Himوَالتَّوَكَّلِand relianceعَلَيْهِupon Him.وَالرِّضَاAnd contentmentعَنْهُwith Him.وَنَحْوَand similarذَٰلِكَto thatكُلَّهَاall of them.
And these internal deeds, like the love of God, sincerity to Him, reliance upon Him, and contentment with Him, and similar to all of that.
مَأْمُورَةٌare commandedبِهَاto do themفِيinحَقِّthe rightالْخَاصَّةِof the specialوَالْعَامَّةِand the general.لَاDo notيَكُونَbe.تَرْكُهَاto leave themمَحْمُودًاpraiseworthyفِيinحَالٍone situation.
They are commanded to do them in the right of the special and the general. Do not leave them praiseworthy in one situation.
وَإِنْAnd ifارْتَقَىhe risesمَقَامَهُin his rank.وَأَمَّاAs forالْحَزَنِgrief,فَلَمْGod did notيَأْمُرْcommanded.اللَّهُAllahبِهِwith it.وَلَاnorرَسُولُهُHis Messenger.بَلْButقَدْtrulyنَهَىforbadeعَنْهُit.فِيIn articles.مَوَاضِعَsituations.وَإِنْAnd ifتَعَلَّقَrelatedأَمْرُthe matterالدِّينِof the religionبِهِwith it.
And if he rises in his rank, as for grief, God did not command it nor His Messenger. But He forbade it in situations, and if the matter of the religion is related to it.
كَقَوْلِهِLike His sayingتَعَالَىthe ExaltedآلِIn the family ofعِمْرَانَImran.وَلَاAnd do notتَهِنُواbe weak.وَلَاnorتَحْزَنُواbe grieved.وَأَنتُمْAnd you areالْأَعْلَوْنَthe most high.إِنIfكُنْتُمْyou areمُؤْمِنِينَbelievers.
Like His saying, the Exalted: "And do not be weak and do not be grieved; and you are the most high if you are believers."
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingالنَّحْلِthe bee.وَلَاAnd do notتَحْزَنُواbe grieved.عَلَيْهِمupon them.وَلَاand do notتَكُوbe inضِيقٍnarrowness.مِمَّاfrom whatيَمْكُرُونَthey plot.
And His saying, the Bee: "And do not be grieved upon them, nor be in narrowness from what they plot."
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingالتَّوْبَةِthe Repentance.إِذْWhenيَقُولُHe saysلصَاحِبِهِto his companion.لَاDo notتَحْزَنْbe grieved.إِنَّIndeedاللَّهَAllahمَعَنَاis with us.
And His saying, the Repentance: "When He says to his companion, 'Do not be grieved; indeed Allah is with us.'"
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingيُونُسَYunus.وَلَاAnd do notيَحْزُنَّكَmake you sad.قَوْلُهُمْtheir saying.وَقَوْلُهُAnd His sayingالْحَدِيدِthe Iron.لِكَيْلَاSo that notتَأْسَوْاyou grieve.عَلَىfor whatمَاhas passed you.وَلَاAnd do notتَفْرَحُواrejoice.بِمَاin whatآتَاكُمHe gave you.
And His saying, Yunus: "And do not let their saying make you sad; and His saying, the Iron: 'So that you do not grieve for what has passed you, nor rejoice in what He has given you.'"
وَأَمْثَالُAnd similarذَٰلِكَto thatكَثِيرَةٌare many.وَذَٰلِكَAnd thatأَنَّهُindeedلَاthere is noيَجْلِبُbringsمَنْفَعَةًbenefit.وَلَاnorيَدْفَعُdoes it removeمَضَرَّةًharm.وَلَاand there is noفَائِدَةٌbenefitفِيهِin it.وَمَاAnd what does notفَائِدَةٌhave benefit.فِيهِin it.لَاGod does notيَأْمُرُcommand it.
And similar to that are many, and that indeed there is no benefit and does not remove harm. And there is no benefit in it; and what does not have benefit in it, Allah does not command it.
نَعَمYesلَاdo notيَأْثَمُearn sin.صَاحِبُهُhis companionإِذَاifلَمْnotيَقْتَرِنْassociatedبِحَزْنِهِwith his sadnessمُحَرَّمٌforbidden.كَمَاAsيَحْزُنُhe grieves.عَلَىforالْمَصَائِبِthe calamities.كَمَاAsقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet(صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)(peace be upon him)
Yes, his companion does not earn sin if he does not associate it with sadness that is forbidden, like grieving for calamities, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) said.
إِنَّIndeedاللَّهَAllahلَاdoes notيُؤَاخِذُhold accountableعَلَىforدَمْعَةِthe tearالْعَيْنِof the eye.وَلَاand does notحُزْنَhold accountable for the griefالْقَلْبِof the heart.وَلَكِنَّButيُؤَاخِذُHe holds accountableعَلَىforهَذَاthis.وَيَرْحَمُand has mercyوَأَشَارَAnd He pointedبِيَدِهِwith His handإِلَىtoلِسَانِهِHis tongue.وَقَالَAnd He saidتَدْمَعُthe eye sheds tearsالْعَيْنُof the eye.وَيَحْزُنُand the heart grieves.وَلَاand do notنَقُولُsayإِلَّاexceptمَاwhatيُرْضِيpleasesالرَّبَّthe Lord.وَمِنْهُAnd among itقَوْلُهُHis sayingتَعَالَىthe ExaltedيُوسُفَYusuf.فَتَوَلَّىAnd he turned awayعَنْهُمْfrom themوَقَالَand saidيَاOأَسَفَىmy sorrowعَلَىforيُوسُفَYusuf.وَابْيَضَّتAnd his eyes turned whiteعَيْنَاهُfrom grief.فَهُوَSo he isكَظِيمٌfull of sorrow.
Indeed, Allah does not hold accountable for the tear of the eye nor for the grief of the heart. But He holds accountable for this. He pointed with His hand to His tongue and said: 'The eye sheds tears, and the heart grieves, and do not say except what pleases the Lord.' And among it is His saying, the Exalted: 'And he turned away from them and said: O my sorrow for Yusuf.' And his eyes turned white from grief, so he was full of sorrow.
وَقَدْAnd indeedيُقْتَرَنُit can be associatedبِالْحَزَنْwith grief.مَاWhatيُثَابُis rewardedصَاحِبُهُits companionعَلَيْهِwith it.وَيُحْمَدُand is praisedعَلَيْهِwith it.وَيَكُونُand may beمَحْمُودًاpraiseworthyمِنْfromتِلْكَthat.الْجِهَةِaspect.لَاDo notمِنْfromجِهَةِthe aspectالْحَزَنْof grief.كَالْحَزِينَLike the one grievingعَلَىforمُصِيبَةٍan afflictionفِيinدِينِهِمtheir religion.وَعَلَىand forمَصَائِبِthe calamitiesالْمُسْلِمِينَof Muslims.عُمُومًاin general.
And indeed it can be associated with grief what is rewarded its companion with it, and is praised for it, and may be praiseworthy from that aspect, not from the aspect of grief, like the one grieving for an affliction in their religion and for the calamities of Muslims in general.
فَهَذَاSo thisيُثَابُis rewardedعَلَىforمَاwhatفِيis inقَلْبِهِhis heartمِنَofحُبِّthe loveالْخَيْرِof good.وَبُغْضِand hatredالشَّرِّof evil.وَتَوَابِعِand its consequencesذَٰلِكَthat.وَلَكِنَّButالْحَزْنُthe griefعَلَىforذَٰلِكَthat.إِذَاIfأَفْضَىleadsإِلَىtoتَرْكِabandoningمَأْمُورٍthe commandedمِنَofالصَّبْرِpatience.وَالْجِهَادِand strivingوَجَلْبِand bringingمَنْفَعَةٍbenefit.وَدَفْعِand preventingمَضَرَّةٍharm.
So this is rewarded for what is in his heart of the love of good and hatred of evil and its consequences. But the grief for that, if it leads to abandoning the commanded of patience and striving and bringing benefit and preventing harm.