kitab al iman

إِيْمَانٌ،Faith,وَإِنْand ifلَمْnotيَكُنْbeلَهُمْfor themأَنْtoيَدْعُواcallمُطْلَقَabsoluteالإِيْمَانَfaithوَهَذَاand thisأَشْبَهُis more likeوَاللَّهُand Allahأَعْلَمُ،knows better,لِأَنَّbecause

النِّسْوَةُthe womenالْمُمْتَحَنَاتُbeing testedقَالَsaidفِيهِنَّabout them:﴿فَإِنْ"If thenعَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّyou know themمُؤْمِنَاتٍ،to be believersفَلَاthen do notتَرْجِعُوهُنَّsend them backإِلَىtoالْكُفَّارِthe disbelievers.”المُمْتَحَنَةُ:(the Examined: 10)

وَلَاAnd notيُمْكِنُit is possibleنَفْيُto denyالرَّيْبَthe doubtsعَنْهُنَّabout themفِيinالْمُسْتَقْبَلِ،the future,وَلِأَنَّand becauseاللَّهَAllahإِنَّمَاonlyكَذَّبَdeniedالْمُنَافِقِينَ،the hypocrites,وَلَمْand did notيَكْذِبْdenyغَيْرَهُمْ،others,وَهَؤُلَاءِand theseلَمْdid notيَكْذِبْهُمْdeny themوَلَكِنْbutقَالَsaidقُلْSayلَمْnotتُؤْمِنُوا)you have believed)

كَمَاAsقَالَsaidلَاnotيُؤْمِنُbelievesأَحَدُكُمْone of youحَتَّىuntilيُحِبَّhe lovesلِأَخِيهِfor his brotherمَاwhatيُحِبُّhe lovesلِنَفْسِهِ.for himself.وَقَوْلُهُAnd his saying«لَا"Notيَزْنِيfornicateالزَّانِيthe fornicatorحِينَwhenيَزْنِيhe fornicatesوَهُوَwhile heمُؤْمِنٌ،is a believer,وَلَاand notيُؤْمِنُbelievesمَنwhoلَاdoes notيَأْمَنُfeel secureجَارَهُhis neighbor’sبَوَائِقَهُ»،malice,"

وَهَؤُلَاءِAnd theseلَيْسُواare notمُنَافِقِينَ.hypocrites.

وَسِيَاقُAnd the contextالْآيَةِof the verseيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّAllahذَمَّهُمْ،condemned them,لِكُونِهِمbecause theyمَنُواclaimedبِإِسْلَامِهِمtheir Islam due to their ignorance and harshnessلِجَهْلِهِمdue to their ignoranceوَجَفَائِهِم.and harshness.وَأَظْهَرُواAnd they revealedمَاwhatفِيinأَنفُسِهِمthemselvesمَعَwhile knowingعِلْمُ اللَّهِGod knowsبِهِ،of it,فَإِنَّfor Allahاللَّهَis Almightyتَعَالَىthe Most High said:﴿قُلْ"Say,أَتُعَلِّمُونَwould you teachاللَّهَAllahيَدِينِكُمْyour religion؟وَاللَّهُAnd Allahيَعْلَمُknowsمَاwhatفِيinالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensوَمَاand whatفِيinالْأَرْضِthe earth) [الحجرات : ١٦]

فَلَوْIfلَمْthere were notيَكُنْbe.فِيinقُلُوبِهِمtheir heartsفَضْلٌsomethingمِنَofالدِّينِthe religionلَمْthey would notيَكُونُواbeيَعْلَمُونَaware ofاللَّهَAllahبِدِينِهِمtheir religion.

فَإِنَّFor the IslamالإِسْلَامَIslamالظَّاهِرَis apparentيُعَرَّفُهُis knownكُلُّby everyone.وَأُدْخِلَتْAnd includedالْبَاءَthe preposition (by)فِيinقَوْلِهِhis statementأَتُعَلِّمُونَWould you teach?اللَّهَAllahبِدِينِكُمْ،by your religion,لَأَنَّهُit impliesيَضُمُّcontainsمَعْنَىthe meaningيُخْبِرُونَthey tellوَيُحَدِّثُونَand report,كَأَنَّهُas ifقَالَتْ:he said,أَتُخْبِرُونَهُWould you inform Himوَتُحَدِّثُونَهُand relate to Himبِدِينِكُمْ،with your religion,وَهُوَHe isيَعْلَمُawareمَاof whatفِيis inالسَّمَاوَاتِthe heavensوَمَاand whatفِيis inالْأَرْضِthe earth.وَسِيَاقُAnd the contextالْآيَةِof the verseيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatالَّذِيwhatأَخْبَرُواthey informedبِهِabout itاللَّهُ،Allah,هُوَisمَاwhatذَكَرَهُwas mentionedاللَّهُby Allahعَنْهُمْabout themمِنْofقَوْلِهِمtheir saying(آمَنَّا(We have believed.)فَإِنَّهُمْfor theyأَخْبَرُواinformedعَمَّاabout whatفِيwas inقُلُوبِهِم.their hearts.

وَقَدْAndذَكَرَit was mentionedالْمُفَسِّرُونَby the interpretersأَنَّهُthatلَمَّاwhenنَزَلَتْthe two versesهَاتَانthese twoالْآيَتَانversesأَتَوْاthey cameالرَّسُولَto the Messengerاللَّهِ ﷺ،of Allah ﷺ,يَحْلِفُونَmaking oathsأَنَّهُمْthat theyمُؤْمِنُونَare believersصَادِقُونَtruthfulفَنَزَلَتْthen descendedقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى:the saying of Allah the Exalted: "(Say: Would you teach Allah your religion?)"﴿قُلْ"Say,أَتُعَلِّمُونَwould you teach?اللَّهَAllahبِدِينِكُمْ)by your religion?)

وَهَذَاAnd thisيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَىthatأَنَّهُمْtheyكَانُواwereصَادِقِينَtruthfulأَوَّلًاat firstفِيinدُخُولِهِمtheir enteringفِيintoالدِّينِ،the religion,لِأَنَّهُbecause it was not renewed for them after the descent of the verse.جِهَادٌJihadحَتَّىuntilيَدْخُلُواthey enterبِهِwith itفِيintoالْآيَةِ،the verse,إِنَّمَاfor it isكَلَامٌwordsقَالُوهُ،they spoke,وَهُوَand Heسُبْحَانَهُthe Exalted said:﴿وَلَمَّا"And whenيَدْخُلِhas not enteredالْإِيمَانُthe faithفِيinقُلُوبِكُمْ،your hearts.وَلَفْظٌAnd the wording(لَمَّا)(when) usually deniesيُنَفَّىwhat is near to happenحُصُولُهُto occurوَيَحْصُلُand usually happensغَالِبًا،often,كَقَوْلِهِ:like his saying,أَمْDidحَسِبْتُمْyou assumeأَنَّthatتَدْخُلُواyou will enterالْجَنَّةَParadiseوَلَمَّاand whenيَعْلَمُknowاللَّهُAllahالَّذِينَthose whoجَاهَدُواstruggledمِنكُمْ"among you" [آل عمران: ١٤٢]

وَقَدْAndقَالَit was saidالسُّدِّي:by Al-Suddi:نَزَلَتْthese verses were revealedهَذِهِin theseالْآيَةِversesفِيregardingأَعْرَابِthe Bedouinsمُزَيْنَةَ،of Muzayna,وَجُهَيْنَةَ،and Juhainah,وَأَسْلَمَ،and Aslam,وَأَشْجَعَ،and Ashja‘,وَغِفَارَ،and Ghifar,وَهُمْtheyالَّذِينَwhoذُكِرُواwere mentionedاللَّهُby Allahفِيinسُورَةِthe surahالْفَتْحِ،Al-Fath,وَكَانُواand they wereيَقُولُونَ:saying:آمَنَّا"We have believed in Allah

لِيَأْمَنُواto be safeعَلَىforأَنفُسِهِم،themselves,فَلَمَّاbut whenاسْتَنْفَرُواthey were calledإِلَىtoالْحُدَيْبِيَةِAl-Hudaybiyahتَخَلَّفُواthey lagged behindفَنَزَلَتْand then was revealedفِيهِمْabout themهَذِهِtheseالْآيَةِ.verse.