الكُفرُ،disbelief,واليَهُودِيَّةِand Judaismوالزَّانِيِand the fornicatorsوالسَّارِقِand the thiefوغيرَand othersذَلكَthatمِنَofالسَّيِّئاتِevil deedsلَيسَتare notهِيَitاسْمٌthe nameالفَاسِقِ،of the disobedient,
Disbelief, Judaism, fornicators, thieves, and other evil deeds are not the name of the disobedient.
فَعَلِمَHe knewأَنَّthatقَوْلَهُhis sayingبِئْسَis the worstالإسْمُthe nameالفُسُوقُof disobedience.
He knew that his saying 'worst is the name of disobedience' does not refer to assigning the one who is cursed the name of disobedient.
فَإنَّForتَسْمِيَتَهُhis designationكَافِراً،as a disbeliever,أَعْظَمُ،is greater,بَلْratherإنَّthatالسَّابَّthe one who cursesيَصِيرُbecomesفَاسِقاًdisobedient,لِقَوْلِهِas he said:«سَبابُ"Cursingالمُسْلِمِthe Muslimفُسُوقٌis disobedienceوَقِتَالُهُand fighting himكُفْرٌ"is disbelief."
For designating him a disbeliever is greater; rather, the one who curses becomes disobedient, as he said: 'Cursing the Muslim is disobedience and fighting him is disbelief.'
ثُمَّThenقَالَ:he said:﴿وَمَن'And whoeverلَمْdoes notيَتُبْ،repent,فَأُوْلَـئِكَthen they areهُمْtheظَالِمُونَ)wrongdoers.'
Then he said: 'And whoever does not repent, then they are the wrongdoers.'
فَجَعَلَهُمْSo He deemed themظَالِمِينَwrongdoersإِذَاifلَمْthey do notيَتُوبُواrepent from thatمِنْeven if they are inذَلكَthatوَإِنْand ifكَانُواthey wereيَدْخُلُونَincludedفِيinاسْمِthe nameالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،of the believers,
So He deemed them wrongdoers if they did not repent from that, even if they are included in the name of the believers.
ثُمَّThenذَكَرَHe mentionedالنَّهْيَthe prohibitionعَنْofالْغِيبَةِbackbitingثُمَّthenذَكَرَHe mentionedالنَّهْيَthe prohibitionعَنْofالتَّفاخرِthe boastingبِالأَحْسابِ،of lineage,
Then He mentioned the prohibition of backbiting, and then He mentioned the prohibition of boasting of lineage.
وَقَالَ:And He said:﴿إِنَّ'Indeed,أكْرَمَكُمْthe most noble among youعِندَwithاللَّهِAllahأَنْقَلَكُمْ﴾is the one who has the most taqwa.'
And He said: 'Indeed, the most noble among you in the sight of Allah is the one who has the most taqwa.'
ثُمَّThenذَكَرَHe mentionedقَوْلَthe sayingالأَعْرَابِ:of the Bedouins:(آمَنَّا)."We have believed."
Then He mentioned the saying of the Bedouins: "We have believed."
فَالسُّورَةُSo the chapterتَنْهَىprohibitsعَنْagainstهَذِهِtheseالمَعَاصِيsinsوَالدُّنُوبِand evilsالَّتِيthatفِيهاin itتُعَدُّtransgressionعَلَىagainstالرَّسُولِthe Messengerوَعَلَىand onالْمُؤْمِنِينَ،the believers.
So the chapter prohibits against these sins and evils that are transgressions against the Messenger and against the believers.
فَالْأَعْرَابُSo the Bedouinsالْمَذْكُورُونَmentionedفِيهَاin itمِنْare notجِنْسٍlikeالْبَاقِينَthe remainingأَهْلِpeople ofالسَّبَّcursingوَالْفُسُوقِdisobedienceوَالْمُنَادِينَand those who shoutمِنْfromوَرَاءِbehindالحُجُرَاتِthe roomsوَأَمْثَالِهِمْand their likes.
So the Bedouins mentioned in it are not like the remaining people of cursing, disobedience, and those who shout from behind the rooms and their likes.
لَيْسُواThey are notمِنْofالمُنَافِقِينَ،the hypocrites,وَلِهَذَاand for this reasonقَالَHe saidالمُفَسِّرُونَ:the interpreters:إِنَّهُمْIndeed, they areالَّذِينَthose whoاسْتَنْفَرُواcalled for an expeditionعَامَin the yearالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ،of Hudaybiyyah.
They are not of the hypocrites, and for this reason, the interpreters said: 'Indeed, they are those who called for an expedition in the year of Hudaybiyyah.'
وَأُوْلَـئِكَAnd thoseوَإِنْand ifكَانُواthey wereمِنْofأَهْلِthe people ofالْكَبَائرِ،great sinsفَلَمْbut they were notيَكُونُواbeفِيinالْبَاطِنِthe innerكُفَّارًاunbelieversمُنَافِقِينَ.hypocrites.
And those, and if they were of the people of great sins, they were not in the inner realm unbelievers or hypocrites.
قَالَIbn Ishaq said:لَمَّاWhenأَرَادَhe intendedرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺthe Messenger of Allah ﷺالْعُمْرَةَ - عُمْرَةَthe pilgrimage - the pilgrimageالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ -of Hudaybiyyah -اسْتَنْفَرَhe called for a mobilizationمِنْfromحَوْلِaroundالْمَدِينَةِthe cityمِنْofأَهْلِthe people ofالْبَوَادِيِthe countrysideوَالْأَعْرَابِand the Bedouinsلِيَخْرُجُواto go outمَعَهُwith himخَوْفًاfearingمِنْfromقَوْمِهِhis peopleأَنْthatيُعْرِضُواthey might obstruct himلَهُwithبِحَرْبٍwarأَوْorبِصَدٍّ،obstructing.
Ibn Ishaq said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ intended the pilgrimage - the pilgrimage of Hudaybiyyah - he called for a mobilization from around the city of the people of the countryside and the Bedouins to go out with him fearing that his people might obstruct him with war or by blocking him.
فَتَثَاقَلُواBut they delayedعَنْهُ،from him,فَهُمْso they areالَّذِينَthe onesعَنَّى اللَّهُGod meantبِقَوْلِهِ:by His saying:(سَيَقُولُ'They will sayلَكَto youالمُخَلَّفُونَthe left behindمِنَfromالأَعْرَابِthe Bedouinsشَغَلَتْنَاour wealth has preoccupied usأَمْوَالُنَاour propertyوَأَهْلُونَاand our familiesفَاسْتَغْفِرْso ask forgivenessلَنَا.for us.
But they delayed from him; so they are the ones whom God meant by His saying: 'They will say to you, the left behind from the Bedouins, 'Our wealth has preoccupied us and our families, so ask forgiveness for us.'
أَيThat isادْعُinvokeاللَّهَAllahأَنْtoيَغْفِرَforgiveلَنَاfor usتَخَلُّفَنَاour failureعَنْfromكَ،you.يَقُولُونَThey sayبِأَلْسِنَتِهِمwith their tonguesمَّاwhatلَيْسَis notفِيinقُلُوبِهِمْ﴾their hearts.'
That is, they invoke Allah to forgive us for our failure from you. They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts.
﴾[الفتح:"[Al-Fath: 11]أَيThat isمَاwhatيُبَالُونَ،they care about,أَسْتَغْفَرْتَwhether you ask forgivenessلَهُمْfor themأَمْorلَمْnotتَسْتَغْفِرْyou ask forgivenessلَهُمْ،for them.وَهَذَاThisحَالٌis the state ofالفَاسِقِ الَّذِيthe disobedient whoلَاdoes notيُبَالِي.care.
That is what they care about; whether you ask forgiveness for them or you do not ask forgiveness for them, this is the state of the disobedient who does not care.
وَالْمُنَافِقُونَAnd the hypocritesقَالَHe said in them:﴿وَإِذَا'And whenقِيلَit is said to themلَهُمْto themتَعَالَوْاComeيَسْتَغْفِرْlet the Messenger ask forgivenessلَكُمْfor youرَسُولُ اللَّهِthe Messenger of Allah; they raise their headsلَقَوْاthey raiseرُؤُوسَهُمْtheir heads.وَرَأَيْتَهُمْAnd you see themيَصُدُّونَthey push awayوَهُمْwhile they areمُسْتَكْبِرُونَarrogant.
And the hypocrites, He said regarding them: 'And when it is said to them: 'Come, let the Messenger ask forgiveness for you,' they raise their heads while they are arrogant.
سَوَاءٌWhetherعَلَيْهِمْfor themأَسْتَغْفَرْتَyou ask forgivenessلَهُمْfor themأَمْorلَمْnotتَسْتَغْفِرْyou ask forgivenessلَهُمْ،for them.لَنNeverيَغْفِرَwill forgiveاللَّهُAllahلَهُمْ﴾for them.'
Whether you ask forgiveness for them or not, Allah will never forgive them.
﴾[المُنَافِقُون]"[Al-Munafiqun]وَلَمْAnd He did notيَقُلْsayمِثْلَsimilarهَذَاthisفِيinهَـؤُلاَءِtheseالأَعْرَابِ،Bedouins,بَلْratherالآيَةُthe verseدَلِيلٌis evidenceعَلَىthatأَنَّهُمْtheyلَوْifصَدَقُواthey were sincereفِيinطَلَبِseekingالِاسْتِغْفَارِforgivenessنَفَعَهُمُwould benefit themاِسْتِغْفَارُthe asking for forgivenessالرَّسُولِof the Messengerلَهُمْ،for them.
And He did not say something similar regarding these Bedouins, rather the verse is evidence that if they were sincere in seeking forgiveness, the asking for forgiveness of the Messenger for them would benefit them.
ثُمَّThenقَالَ:He said:سَتُدْعَوْنَ'You will be calledإِلَىtoقَوْمٍa peopleأُولِيof greatبَأْسٍstrength;شَدِيدٍsevere.نُقَاتِلُوهُمْWe will fight themأَوْorيُسْلِمُونَthey will submit.فَإِنْIfتُطِيعُواyou obeyيُؤْتِكُمُHe will give youاللَّهُAllahأَجْرًاa good rewardحَسَنًاample.وَإِنْAnd ifتَتَوَلَّوْاyou turn awayكَمَاas you turned awayتَولَّيْتُمْpreviouslyمِّنْfromقَبْلُbeforeيُعَذِّبْكُمْHe will punish youعَذَابًاwith a punishmentأَلِيمًا﴾painful.'
Then He said: 'You will be called to a people of great strength; we will fight them, or they will submit. If you obey, Allah will give you a good reward; and if you turn away, as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment.'
﴾[الْفَتْحِ]."[Al-Fath].
فَوَعَدَهُمْSo He promised themاللَّهُAllahبِالثَّوَابِwith rewardعَلَىforطَاعَةِobedienceالدَّاعِيto the callerإِلَىtoالْجِهَادِ،jihad,وَتَوَعَّدَهُمْand He warned themبِالتَّوَلِّيagainst turning awayعَنْ.from.
So He promised them Allah with reward for obedience to the caller to jihad, and He warned them against turning away.