وَحَقيقَةٌAnd the realityالفَرقُof the differenceأَنَّis thatالإسْلامُIslamدِينٌis a religionوَالدِّينُand the religionمَصْدَرٌis derivedدَانَfrom the rootيَدِينُthat means to submitدِينًاin submission::إِذاifخَضَعَone submitsوَذَلَّ،and humbles himself,وَدِينٌand the religionالإسْلامُof IslamالَّذِيthatارْتَضَاهُGod has chosenاللَّهُAllahوَبَعَثَand sentبِهِwith itرُسُلَهُHis messengersهُوَisالاِسْتِسلامُsubmissionإِلَى اللَّـهِto Allahوَحْدَهُ،alone,فَأَصْلُهُits foundationفِيis inالْقَلْبِthe heartهُوَisالْخُضُوعُsubmissionإِلَى اللَّـهِto Allahوَحْدَهُaloneبِعِبَادَتِهِin worshipping Himوَحْدَهُaloneدُونَwithoutمَا سِوَاهُ،anything else.فَمَنSo whoeverعَبَدَهُ،worships Him,وَعَبَدَand worshipsمَعَهُalongside Him.إِلَٰهًاa godآخَرَotherلَمْ يَكُنْis notمُسْلِمًاa Muslim.وَمَنAnd whoeverلَمْdid notيَعْبُدْهُworship Himبَلْbutاسْتَكْبَرَis arrogantعَنْagainstعِبَادَتِهِworship.لَمْ يَكُنْis notمُسْلِمًا،a Muslim,وَالْإِسْلَامُand Islamهُوَisالاِسْتِسلامُsubmissionإِلَى اللَّـهِ،to Allah,وَهُوَand it isالْخُضُوعُsubmissionلَهُ،to Him,وَالْعُبُودِيَّةُand servitudeلَهُ،to Him,هَكَذَاthusقَالَsaidأَهْلُthe people ofاللُّغَةِlanguage::أَسْلَمَA man submitsالرَّجُلُthe manإِذاifاسْتَسْلَمَ،he surrenders,فَالإِسْلَامُtherefore, Islamفِيinالأَصْلِits originمِنْis fromبَابِthe category ofالْعَمَلِ،action,عَمَلٌthe actionالْقَلْبِof the heartوَالْجَوَارِحِand the limbs.وَأَمَّاAs forالإِيمَانُfaithفَأَصْلُهُits rootتَصْديقٌis affirmationوَإِقْرَارٌand acknowledgmentوَمَعْرِفَةٌand knowledge.فَهُوَIt isمِنْfromبَابِthe category ofقَوْلِthe saying ofالْقَلْبِthe heartالْمُتَضَمِّنِthat includesعَمَلٌthe actionالْقَلْبِof the heartوَالأَصْلُand the foundationفِيهِof itالتَّصْديقُis affirmation.وَالْعَمَلُAnd the actionتابِعٌfollowsلَهُ،it,فَلِهَذَاtherefore,فَسَّرَthe prophet explainedالنَّبِيُّthe faithالإِيمَانَof faithبِإِيمَانِby the faithالْقَلْبِof the heartوَبِخُضُوعِهِ،and its submission,وَهُوَwhich isالإِيمَانُthe faithبِاللَّـهِin Allahوَمَلَائِكَتِهِand His angelsوَكُتُبِهِand His booksوَرُسُلِهِ،and His messengers,وَفَسَّرَand explainedالإِسْلَامَIslamبِاسْتِسْلَامٍas a submissionمَخْصُوصٍspecifiedهُوَit isالْمَبَانِيthe five pillars,الْخَمْسُ،the five,وَهَكَذَاThusفِيinسَائِرِall otherكَلَامِهِof His words :يُفَسِّرُexplainedالإِيمَانَthe faithبِذَلِكَby that type,وَمُفَسِّرٌand explainedالإِسْلَامَthe Islamبِهَذَا،by this,وَذَلِكَand that typeأَعْلَى،is higher,وَلِهَذَاthereforeقَالَsaidالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet :الإِسْلَامُIslamعَلَنِيَّةٌis publicوَالإِيمَانُand faithفِيis inالْقَلْبِ،the heart,فَإِنَّfor indeedالْأَعْمَالُthe actionsالظَّاهِرَةُthat are apparentيَرَاهَاare seen byالنَّاسُthe peopleوَأَمَّاand as forمَاwhatفِيis inالْقَلْبِthe heartمِنْofتَصْديقٍbeliefوَمَعْرِفَةٍand knowledgeوَحُبٍّand loveوَخَشْيَةٍand fearوَرَجَاءٍand hopeفَهَذَاthis isبَاطِنٌhiddenلَكِنَّbutلَهُit hasلَوَازِمَrequirementsقَدْthat mayتَدُلُّindicateعَلَيْهِit.وَاللَّازِمُAnd the necessaryلَاdoes notيَدُلُّindicateإِلَّاunlessإِذاifكَانَit isمَلْزُومًا،obligated.فَلِهَذَاTherefore,كَانَthere wasمِنْofلَوَازِمِهِits requirementsمَاwhatيَفْعَلُهُthe believer doesالْمُؤْمِنُthe believerوَالْمُنَافِقُ،and the hypocrite,فَلَاso it does notيَدُلُّindicate.فِيInحَدِيثٍthe narration ofعَبْدِ اللَّهِAbdullahبِنْbinعَمْرٍوAmrوَأَبِيand AbuهُرَيْرَةَHurairaجَمِيعًاtogetherأَنَّthatالنَّبِيَّthe Prophet ﷺقَالَ:said: «المُسْلِمُ"The Muslimمِنْis one from whomسَلِمَthe Muslimsالمُسْلِمُونَare safeمِنْfromلِسَانِهِhis tongueوَيَدِهِand his hand.. وَالمُؤْمِنُAnd the believerمِنْis the one whomأَمِنَتْهُthe people are safeالنَّاسُfrom himعَلَىonدِمَائِهِمْtheir bloodوَأَمْوَالِهِم،and their wealth,فَفَسَّرَso it explainedالمُسْلِمَthe Muslimبِأَمْرٍby an apparent matterظَاهِرٍthat is clearوَهُوَand it isسَلَامَةُthe safetyالنَّاسِof the peopleمِنْهُ،from him,وَفَسَّرَand explainedالمُؤْمِنَthe believerبِأَمْرٍby an inner matterبَاطِنٍthat is hiddenوَهُوَand it isأَنْthatيَأْمَنُوهُthey are safeعَلَىonدِمَائِهِمtheir bloodوَأَمْوَالِهِم،and their wealth,وَهَذِهِand thisالصُّورَةُcharacteristicأَعْلَىis higherمِنَthanتِلْكَ،that,فَإِنَّfor indeedمَنwhoeverكَانَisمَأْمُونًاtrustworthyسَلِمَthe others are safeالنَّاسُthe peopleمِنْهُ،from him,وَلَيْسَand notكُلَّeveryمَنone from whomسَلِمُواthey are safeمِنْهُfrom himيَكُونُmay beمَأْمُونًا،trustworthy,فَقَدْfor he mayيَتْرُكَleaveأَذَاهُمْcausing harm to them.وَهُمْAnd theyلَاdo notيَأْمِنُونَfeel secureإِلَيْهِ،toward him,خَوْفًاfor fearأَنْthatيَكُونَhe may beتَرْكًاleavingأَذَاهُمْto harm themلِرَغْبَةٍout of desireوَرَاهِبَةٍand fearلَاnotلِإِيمَانٍfor beliefفِيinقَلْبِهِ.his heart.(١)(1)بِيَاضٌBlankبِالْأَصْلِin the originalفِيinجَمِيعِallالنُّسَخِcopiesالَّتِيthatبَيْنَare betweenأَيْدِينَاour handsوَتَقَدَّمَand it has been mentionedأَنَّthatهَذَاthisقَدْmay beيَكُونَisمِنْofالْمُؤَلِّفِthe author.
And the reality of the difference is that Islam is a religion, and the religion is derived from the root that means to submit in submission: if one submits and humbles himself. And the religion of Islam that Allah has chosen and with which He sent His messengers is submission to Allah alone, for its root in the heart is submission to Allah alone in worshipping Him without anything else. So whoever worships Him and worships alongside Him another god is not a Muslim, and whoever does not worship Him but is arrogant against His worship is not a Muslim, and Islam is submission to Allah, and it is submission to Him, and servitude to Him. Thus said the scholars of language: A man submits if he surrenders, therefore Islam at its origin is from the category of action, that is the action of the heart and the limbs. As for faith, its root is affirmation and acknowledgment and knowledge, it is from the category of the saying of the heart that includes the action of the heart, and its foundation is affirmation and the action follows it, therefore the Prophet explained faith by the faith of the heart and its submission, which is faith in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers. And he explained Islam as a specified submission, which are the five pillars. Thus in all his words: he explains faith by that type, and he explains Islam by this, and that type is higher. Therefore the prophet said: "Islam is public and faith is in the heart". For indeed the outward deeds are seen by the people, and as for what is in the heart of belief and knowledge and love and fear and hope, this is hidden but it has requirements that may indicate it, and the necessary does not indicate unless it is obligated. Therefore, there was among its requirements what the believer and the hypocrite do, so it does not indicate. In the narration of Abdullah bin Amr and Abu Huraira together that the Prophet ﷺ said: "The Muslim is one from whom the Muslims are safe from his tongue and hand, and the believer is the one whom the people are safe from his blood and wealth," so it explained the Muslim by an apparent matter, and it is the safety of the people from him, and explained the believer by an inner matter, and it is that they are safe from him on their blood and wealth, and this characteristic is higher than that, for whoever is trustworthy is safe from him, and not everyone from whom they are safe is trustworthy, for he may leave harming them while they do not feel safe toward him, for fear that leaving harming them is out of desire and fear, not for faith in his heart. (1) Blank in the original in all the copies that are with us and it has been mentioned that this may be from the author.