ثُمَّThenإِنَّهُindeed, itلَمَّاwhenفُرِضَتْwere made obligatoryالصَّلَوَاتُthe prayersالْخَمْسُthe fiveلَيْلَةَnightالْمِعْرَاجِof the Ascensionأَقَامَestablishedالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)لَهُمُfor themالصَّلَوَاتِthe prayersبِمَوَاقِيتِهَاat their timesصَبِيحَةَin the morning ofذَاكَthatالْيَوْمِday
Then indeed, when the five prayers were made obligatory on the night of the Ascension, the Prophet established them for them at their times on the morning of that day.
وَكَانَAnd GabrielجِبْرِيلُGabrielيُؤُمُّledالنَّبِيَّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)،,وَالْمُسْلِمُونَand the Muslimsيَأْتَمُّونَfollowedبِالنَّبِيِّthe Prophetﷺ(peace be upon him)
And Gabriel led the Prophet (peace be upon him), and the Muslims followed the Prophet (peace be upon him).
فَإِذَاSo whenقِيلَit was saidلَهُمُto them: أَقِيمُوا: Establishالصَّلَاةَthe prayer) عَرَفُوا) they would knowأَنَّهَاthat itتِلْكَthatالصَّلَاةَprayer
So when it was said to them: 'Establish the prayer,' they would know that it was that prayer.
وَقِيلَAnd it was said: إِنَّهُ: Indeed, itقَبْلَbeforeذَاكَthatكَانَتْthere wereلَهُfor himصَلَاتَانِtwo prayersطَرَفَيat the ends ofالنَّهَارِthe day، فَكَانَتْ, and they wereأَيْضًاalso, فَلَم, so they did notيُخَاطَبُواaddressبِاسْمِby the nameمِنْofهَذِهِtheseالْأَسْمَاءِnamesإِلَّاexceptوَمَسْمَاهُand its meaningمَعْلُومٌis knownعِندَهُمْto themفَلَاso there is noإِجْمَالٌambiguityفِيinذَاكَthat، وَلَاand notيَتَنَاوَلُit encompassesكُلَّeverythingمَاthatيُسَمَّىis calledحَجًّاHajjوَدُعَاءًand supplicationوَصَوْمًاand fasting، فَإِنَّ, for thisهَذَاthisإِنَّمَاis onlyيَكُونُoccursإِذَاifكَانَit isاللَّفْظُthe wordمُطْلَقًاabsolute، وَذَٰلِكَ, and thatلَمْdid notيُوَرَدbe mentioned.
And it was said: 'Indeed, before that there were for him two prayers at the ends of the day, and they were also, so they did not address the names except with meanings that were known to them; there is no ambiguity in that, and it does not encompass everything that is called Hajj, supplication, and fasting, for this only occurs if the word is absolute, and that was not mentioned.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseالْإِيمَانُfaithوَالإِسْلَامُand Islamوَقَدْand it hasكَانَbeenمَعْنَىthe meaningذَٰلِكَof thatعِندَهُمْamong themمِنْfromأَظْهَرَthe most apparentالْأُمُورِthings
And likewise, faith and Islam; and the meaning of that among them has been one of the most apparent things.
وَإِنَّمَاAnd indeedسَأَلَGabriel askedجِبْرِيلُGabrielﷺ(peace be upon him)عَنْaboutذَٰلِكَthatوَهُمْand theyيَسْمَعُونَwere listeningوَقَالَand he said: «هَذَا: 'ThisجِبْرِيلُGabrielجَاءَكُمْhas come to youيُعَلِّمُكُمْto teach youدِينَكُمْyour religion
And indeed, Gabriel (peace be upon him) asked about that while they were listening, and he said: 'This is Gabriel who has come to you to teach you your religion.'
(۱)(1)لِيُبَيِّنَto clarifyلَهُمْfor themكَمَالَthe completenessهَذِهِof thisالْأَسْمَاءِnamesوَحَقَائِقُهَاand their realitiesالَّتِيthat whichيَنْبَغِيought toأَنْtoتُقْصَدَbe intendedلِئَلَّاso that notيَقْتَصِرُواthey limit themselvesعَلَىtoأَدْنَىthe leastمُسَمَّيَاتِهَاof its designations.
(1) to clarify for them the completeness of these names and their realities that ought to be intended so that they do not limit themselves to the least of its designations.
وَهَذَاAnd thisكَماis asفِيinالْحَدِيثِthe hadithالصَّحِيحِthe authenticأَنَّهُthat heقَالَsaid: لَيْسَ: 'Notالْمِسْكِينُthe poor manهَذَاthisالطَّوَافَwho is repeatedly beggedالَّذِيwhoتُرَدُّهُis returnedاللُّقْمَةَthe morselوَاللُّقْمَتَيْنِand two morselsوَالتَّمْرَةَand the dateوَالتَّمْرَتَيْنِand two dates، وَلَكِن, butالْمِسْكِينُthe poor manالَّذِيwhoلَاdoes notيَجِدُfindغِنَىrichnessيُغْنِيهُthat would suffice himوَلَاand does notيَفْطَنُbe noticedلَهُfor himفَيَتَصَدَّقَso that he is givenعَلَيْهto himوَلَاand notيَسْأَلُaskالنَّاسَthe peopleإِلْحَافًاinsistently.'
And this is as in the authentic hadith that he said: 'Not the poor man who is repeatedly begged for the morsel, and two morsels, and the date, and two dates, but the poor man who does not find richness that would suffice him, and he is not noticed for him, nor does he ask the people insistently.'
فَهُمْSo theyكَانُواwereيَعْرِفُونَaware ofالْمِسْكِينُthe poor manوَأَنَّهُand that heالْمُحْتَاجُis the needy، وَكَانَ, and it wasذَٰلِكَthatمَشْهُورًاknownعِندَهُمْamong themفِيْمَنْin whoيَظْهَرُshowsحَاجَتَهُhis needبِالْسُّؤَالِby asking
So they were aware of the poor man and that he is the needy, and that was known among them in those who show their need by asking.
فَيُبَيِّنُAnd he clarifiesالنَّبِيُّthe Prophetأَنَّthatالَّذِيwhoيَظْهَرُshowsحَاجَتَهُhis needبِالسُّؤَالِby askingوَالنَّاسُand the peopleيُعْطُونَهُgive himتَزُولُis removedمَسْكِنَتُهُhis povertyبِإِعْطَاءِby the giving ofالنَّاسِthe peopleلَهُto him، وَالسُّؤَالُand the askingلَهُfor himبِمَنْزَلَةِis likeالْحِرْفَةِa trade.
And the Prophet clarifies that the one who shows his need by asking, and the people give him, his poverty is removed by the giving of the people to him, and asking for him is like a trade.
وَهُوَAnd he isوَإِنْ كَانَeven if he isمِسْكِينًاpoorيَسْتَحِقُّdeservesمِنَfromالزَّكَاةِthe zakatإِذَاifلَمْnotيُعْطَgivenمِنْfromغَيْرِهَاother than itكِفَايَتَهُhis sufficient needs، فَهُوَ, heإِذَاifوَجَدَfindsمَنْsomeone to give himيُعْطِيَهُgive himكِفَايَتَهُhis sufficient needs، لَمْhe no longerيَبْقَremainsمِسْكِينًاpoor.
And he is even if he is poor, he deserves from the zakat if he is not given from other than it what suffices his needs; he, if he finds someone to give him what suffices his needs, no longer remains poor.
وَإِنَّمَاAnd indeedالْمِسْكِينُthe poor manالْمُحْتَاجُis the needyالَّذِيwhoلَاdoes notيَسْأَلُaskوَلَاnorيُعْرَفُis knownفَيُعْطَىand he is given، فَهَذَاthis isهُوَthe oneالَّذِيwhoيَجِبُmustأَنْtoيُقَدَّمَbe prioritizedفِيinالْعَطَاءِgiving.فَإِنَّهُFor he isمِسْكِينٌpoorقَطْعًاcertainly.
And indeed, the poor man who is needy is the one who does not ask nor is known and he is given; this is the one who must be prioritized in giving, for he is certainly poor.
وَذَاكَAnd thatمَسْكِنَتُهُhis povertyتَنْدَفِعُis repelledبِعَطَاءِby the giving ofمَنْwhomيَسْأَلُهُhe asks.، وَكَذَلِكَAnd likewiseقَوْلُهُhis statement: «الإِسْلَامُ: 'Islamهُوَisالْخَمْسُthe five، يُرِيدُ, and it meansأَنْthatهَذَاthisكُلَّهُallوَاجِبٌis obligatoryدَاخِلٌincludedفِيinالإِسْلَامِIslamفَلَيْسَso there is notلِلْإِنْسَانِfor a personأَنْtoيَكْتَفِيsufficeبِالْإِقْرَارِwith the declarationبِالشَّهَادَتَيْنِof the two testimonies.
And that his poverty is repelled by the giving of whom he asks. And likewise, his statement: 'Islam is the five,' means that all this is obligatory and included in Islam; so there is not for a person to suffice with the declaration of the two testimonies.
وَكَذَٰلِكَAnd similarlyالْإِيمَانُfaithيَجِبُmustأَنْtoيَكُونَbeعَلَىonهَذَاthisالْوَجْهِmannerالْمُفَصَّلِdetailed.لَاNotيَكْتَفِيsufficeفِيهِin itبِالْإِيمَانِwith the faithالْمُجْمَلِthat is vague、 وَلِهَذَاand for thisوَصَفَit was describedالإِسْلَامُas Islamبِهَذَاwith this.
And similarly, faith must be in this detailed manner; one should not suffice in it with vague faith, and for this, it was described as such with Islam.
(۱)(1)رَوَاهُReported byمُسْلِمٌMuslim.[تَقَدَّمَ[seeالصَّفْحَةَpage١١11].(۲)(2)مُتَّفَقٌAgreedعَلَيْهِupon.[انظُر[seeمُخْتَصَرٌabbreviatedصَحِيحٌauthenticالْبُخَارِيِّBukhari٧٣٥735وَandمُخْتَصَرٌabbreviatedصَحِيحٌauthenticمُسْلِمٌMuslimبِرَقْمٍnumber٥٦٢562طُبِعَتْpublishedالْمَكْتَبَةُby the OfficeالإِسْلَامِيَّةِIslamic.
(1) Reported by Muslim. [see page 11]. (2) Agreed upon. [see abbreviated authentic Bukhari 735 and abbreviated authentic Muslim number 562 published by the Islamic Office.]