وَالْمَقْصُودُand the meaningهُنَاhereأَنْthatمَنْwhoنَفَىdeniedعَنْهُfrom himالرَّسُولُthe Messengerاسْمُthe nameالإِيمَانِof faithأَوْorالإِسْلَامِIslamفَلَاthen notبَدٌّmustأَنْtoيَكُونَbeقَدْhasتُرِكَleftبَعْضُsomeالْوَاجِبَاتِobligationsفِيهِin itوَإِنْand ifبَقِيَremainedبَعْضُهَاsome of themوَلِهَذَاand for this reasonكَانَwasالْصَّحَابَةُthe companionsوَالسَّلَفُand the predecessorsيَقُولُونَthey sayإِنَّهُthat heيَكُونُisفِيinالْعَبْدِthe servantإِيمَانٌfaithوَنِفَاقٌand hypocrisy
And the meaning here is that whoever the Messenger has denied the name of faith or Islam from, he must have left some of the obligations in it, even if some of them remain. For this reason, the companions and the predecessors say that there is in the servant both faith and hypocrisy.
قَالَsaidأَبُوAbuدَاوُدَDawoodالسِّجِسْتَانِيُّal-Sijistaniحَدَّثَنَاnarrated to usأَحْمَدُAhmadبْنِson ofحَنْبَلٍHanbalحَدَّثَنَاnarrated to usوَكِيعٌWakiعَنْfromالأَعْمَشِal-A'mashعَنْfromشُقَيْقٍShuqaiqعَنْfromأَبِيAbuالْمِقْدَامِal-MiqdamعَنْfromأَبِيAbuيَحْيَىٰYahyaقَالَhe saidسُئِلَwas askedحُذَيْفَةُHudhayfahعَنِaboutالْمُنَافِقِthe hypocriteقَالَhe saidالَّذِيthe one whoيَعْرِفُknowsالإِسْلَامَIslamوَلَاand does notيَعْمَلُactبِهِby it
Abu Dawood al-Sijistani narrated to us: Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us: Waki narrated from al-A'mash from Shuqaiq from Abu al-Miqdam from Abu Yahya who said: Hudhayfah was asked about the hypocrite? He said: The one who knows Islam but does not act upon it.
وَقَالَAnd saidأَبُوAbuدَاوُدَDawoodحَدَّثَنَاnarrated to usعُثْمَانُUthmanبْنِson ofأَبِيAbuشَيْبَةَShaybahحَدَّثَنَاnarrated to usجَرِيرٌJarirعَنْfromالأَعْمَشِal-A'mashعَنْfromعَمْرٍوAmrبْنِson ofمُرَّةَMurrahعَنْfromأَبِيAbuالْبُخْتَرِيِّal-BukhtariعَنْfromحُذَيْفَةَHudhayfahقَالَhe saidالْقُلُوبُthe heartsأَرْبَعَةٌfourقَلْبٌa heartأَغْلَفُsealedفَذَلِكَthat is theقَلْبٌheartالْكَافِرِof the disbelieverوَقَلْبٌand a heartمُصَفَّحٌvarnishedوَذَٰلِكَand that isقَلْبٌthe heartالْمُنَافِقِof the hypocriteوَقَلْبٌand a heartأَجْرَدٌbareفِيهِin itسِرَاجٌa lampيَزْهَرُshiningفَذَلِكَthat is theقَلْبٌheartالْمُؤْمِنِof the believerوَقَلْبٌand a heartفِيهِin itإِيمَانٌfaithوَنِفَاقٌand hypocrisyفَمَثَلُso the exampleالإِيمَانِof faithفِيهِin itكَمَثَلِis likeشَجَرَةٍa treeيُمْدِهَاnourished by itمَاءٌwaterطَيِّبٌpureوَمَثَلُand the exampleالنِّفَاقِof hypocrisyمَثَلٌis likeقَرْحَةٍa soreيُمْدِهَاnourished byقَيْحٌpusوَدَمٌand bloodفَأَيُّهُمَاwhichever of themغَلَبَتْoverpowersعَلَيْهِitغَلَبَتْoverpowersوَقَدْand hasرُوِيَbeen narratedمَرْفُوعًاelevatedوَهُوَand it isفِيinالمُسْنَدِthe Musnadمَرْفُوعًاelevated
And Abu Dawood said: Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Jarir from al-A'mash from Amr ibn Murrah from Abu al-Bukhtari from Hudhayfah said: "The hearts are four: a sealed heart, which is the heart of the disbeliever, a varnished heart, which is the heart of the hypocrite, a bare heart in which there is a shining lamp, that is the heart of the believer, and a heart in which there is faith and hypocrisy. The example of faith in it is like a tree nourished by pure water, and the example of hypocrisy is like a sore nourished by pus and blood. Whichever of them overpowers the other, it prevails." It has been narrated elevated, and it is in the Musnad elevated.
وَهَذَاAnd thisالَّذِيthat whichقَالَهُhe saidحُذَيْفَةُHudhayfahيَدُلُّindicatesعَلَيْهِon itقَوْلُهُhis sayingتَعَالَىthe Most Highهُمْthey areلِلْكُفْرِfor disbeliefيَوْمَئِذٍon that dayأَقْرَبُcloserمِنْهُمْto themالْأَيْمَنُthe right
And this which Hudhayfah said indicates his saying, the Most High: "They are closer to disbelief on that day," [Al-Imran: 167] for they had previously in them a prevailing hypocrisy, but when the day of Uhud came, their hypocrisy dominated and they became closer to disbelief.
وَرَوَىAnd narratedعَبْدُ اللَّٰهُAbdullahبْنُson ofالْمُبَارَكِal-MubarakعَنْfromعَوْفٍAwfبْنِson ofأَبِيAbuجَمِيلَةَJamilahعَنْfromعَبْدِ اللَّٰهِAbdullahبْنِson ofعَمْرٍوAmrابْنِson ofهِنْدٍHindعَنْfromعَلِيٍّAliبْنِson ofأَبِيAbuطَالِبٍTalibقَالَhe saidإِنَّIndeedالإِيمَانَfaithيَبْدُوappearsلَمْظَةًas a glimmerبَيْضَاءَwhiteفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartفَكُلَّمَاwheneverازْدَادَincreasedالْعَبْدُthe servantإِيمَانًاfaithازْدَادَincreasedالْقَلْبُthe heartبِيَاضًاwhitenessحَتَّىuntilإِذَاwhenاسْتَكْمَلَcompletedالإِيمَانَthe faithأَبْيَضَit became completely whiteالْقَلْبُthe heartكُلَّهُall of itوَإِنْand ifالنِّفَاقَhypocrisyيَبْدُوappearsلَمْظَةًas a glimmerسَوْدَاءَblackفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartفَكُلَّمَاwheneverازْدَادَincreasedالْعَبْدُthe servantنِفَاقًاhypocrisyازْدَادَincreasedالْقَلْبُthe heartسَوَادًاblacknessحَتَّىuntilإِذَاwhenاسْتَكْمَلَcompletedالنِّفَاقَthe hypocrisyاَسْوَدَit became completely blackالْقَلْبُthe heartوَأَيْمٌAnd I swearاللَّهُby Allahلَوْifشَقَقتُمyou were to split openعَنْfromقَلْبِthe heartالْمُؤْمِنِof the believerلَوَجَتُمُوهُyou would find itأَبْيَضَwhiteوَلَوْand ifشَقَقتُمyou were to split openعَنْfromقَلْبِthe heartالْمُنَافِقِof the hypocriteوَالْكَافِرِand the disbelieverلَوَجَتُمُوهُyou would find itأَسْوَدَblack
And Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak narrated from Awf ibn Abi Jamilah from Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Hind from Ali ibn Abi Talib who said: "Indeed, faith appears as a glimmer of white in the heart, and whenever the servant increases in faith, the heart increases in whiteness, until when faith is completed, the heart becomes completely white. And if hypocrisy appears as a glimmer of black in the heart, whenever the servant increases in hypocrisy, the heart increases in blackness, until when hypocrisy is completed, the heart becomes completely black. And I swear by Allah, if you were to split open the heart of the believer, you would find it white, and if you were to split open the heart of the hypocrite and the disbeliever, you would find it black.
وَقَالَAnd saidابْنُIbnمَسْعُودٍMas'udالْغِنَاءُSingingيَنْبُتُgrowsالنِّفَاقَhypocrisyفِيinالْقَلْبِthe heartكَمَاlikeيَنْبُتُgrowsالْمَاءُthe waterالْبَقَلِthe greens
And Ibn Mas'ud said: "Singing grows hypocrisy in the heart like water grows greens."
قُلْتُI saidوَالْمَرْفُوعُand the elevatedإِسْنَادُهُchain of narrationضَعِيفٌweakوَالصَّحِيحُand the correctمَوْقُوفٌis haltedانْظُرْlookمُسْنَدِMusnadالإِمَامِthe ImamأَحْمَدَAhmad
I said: And the elevated chain of narration is weak, and the correct one is halted. Look at the Musnad of Imam Ahmad.