فَخَافَ،So he feared,فَهَذَاthis isهُوَheالَّذِيwhoتَمَّwas completedتَخْوِيفُهُ،his intimidation,وَأَمَّاand as forمَنْwhomخَوْفٌfearفَمَاthey did notخَافَ،fear,فَلَمْtherefore notيَتِمَّbe completedتَخْوِيفُهُ،his intimidation,
So he feared, this is the one who was intimidated. And as for those whom he feared, they did not fear, thus his intimidation was not completed.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd similarlyمَنْwhoeverهَدَيْتَهُI guided himفَاهْتَدَىthen he was guided.تَمَّIt was completed,هَدَاهُhis guidance.وَمِنْAnd fromهَدَيْتَهُmy guidanceفَلَمْhe did notيَهْتَدِget guided.ـ كَمَاAsقَالَ:said:﴿﴿هُدًىa guidanceلِّلمُتَّقِينَfor the pious.....
And similarly, whoever I guided, then he was guided. His guidance was completed, and as for the one whom I guided and he did not get guided — as has been said: 'A guidance for the pious.'
وَمِنْAnd fromهَدَيْتَهُmy guidanceفَلَمْhe did notيَهْتَدِget guided —كَمَاasقَالَ:said:﴿﴿وَأَمَّاAnd as forثَمُودُThamud,فَهَدَيْتَهُمْI guided themفَاسْتَحَبُّواthen they preferredالْعَمَىblindnessعَلَىoverالْهُدَى،the guidance.[فصلت:[Fussilat: ١٧]17]- فَلَمْ- Therefore notيَتِمَّbe completed.هَدَاهُ،his guidance,كَمَاasتَقُولُ:you say:قَطَعْتُهُI cut itفَانْقَطَعَ،so it was severed,وَقَطَعْتُهُand I cut itفَمَاthen it did notانْقَطَعَ.sever.
And from my guidance, he did not get guided — as it has been said: 'And as for Thamud, I guided them, but they preferred blindness over guidance.' - Therefore, his guidance was not completed, as you say: 'I cut it so it was severed, and I cut it but it did not sever.'
الْمُؤَثِّرُThe effectiveالتَّامُّcompleteيَسْتَلْزِمُinevitably entailsأَثَرَهُ،his effect,فَمَتَىso wheneverلَمْnotيَحْصُلْobtainأَثَرَهُhis effectلَمْnotيَكُنْbeتَامًّا،complete,وَالْفِعْلُand the actإِذَاifصَادَفَencountersمَحَلًّاa placeقَابِلًاcapableتَمَّ،it will be completed,وَإِلَّاotherwiseلَمْnotيَتِمَّbe completed.وَالْعِلْمُAnd knowledgeبِالْمَحْبُوبِof the loved oneيُورِثُbrings aboutطَلَبَهُ،its desire,وَالْعِلْمُand knowledgeبِالْمَكْرُوهِof the dislikedيُورِثُbrings aboutتَرْكَهُits abandonment,وَلِهَذَاand thusيُسَمَّىis calledهَذَاthisالْعِلْمُknowledgeالدَّاعِي،that calls,وَيُقَالُ:and it is said:الدَّاعِيthe callerمَعَwithالْقُدْرَةِabilityيَسْتَلْزِمُentailsوُجُودَthe existenceالْمَقْدُورِof the desiredوَهُوَand it isالْعِلْمُknowledgeبِالْمَطْلُوبِof the requestedالْمُسْتَلْزِمُthat necessitatesلِإِرَادَةِthe willالْمَعْلُومِof the knownالْمُرَادِ.intended.
The effective one necessitates its effect, so whenever it does not obtain its effect, it is not complete; and the action, if it encounters a capable place, it will be completed, and otherwise it will not be completed. Knowledge of the loved one brings about its desire, and knowledge of the hated one brings about its abandonment, and thus this knowledge is called the calling knowledge, and it is said: 'The caller with ability necessitates the existence of the desired, which is the knowledge of the requested that entails the will of the intended.'
وَهَذَاAnd thisكُلُّallإِنَّمَاonlyيَحْصُلُobtainsمَعَwithصِحَّةِthe correctnessالْفِطْرَةِof the natureوَسَلَامَتِهَاand its soundness.وَأَمَّاAs forمَعَwithفَسَادِهَاits corruptionفَقَدْthen it mayيَحِسَّfeelالْإِنْسَانُthe humanبِاللَّذِيذِwith the delightfulفَلَاthen notيَجِدَfindsلَهُfor itلَّذَّةًa pleasureبَلْratherيُؤْلِمُهُ،it hurts him.وَكَذَلِكَAnd similarlyيَلْتَذُّhe finds pleasureبِالْمُؤْلِمِwith the painfulلِفَسَادِdue to the corruptionالْفِطْرَةِ،of the nature,وَالْفَسَادُand the corruptionيَتَنَاوَلُcoversالْقُوَىthe powersالْعِلْمِيَّةِof knowledgeوَالْقُوَىand the powersالْعَمَلِيَّةِof actionجَمِيعًا،all together,كَمَارُورٌlike the one who tastesالَّذِيthe one whoيَجِدُfindsالْعَسَلَthe honeyمُرًّا،bitter,فَإِنَّهُfor heفَسَدَhas corruptedنَفْسَhis ownإِحْسَاسِهِsensationحَتَّىuntilكَانَhe wasيَحِسُّfeelingبِهِitعَلَىagainstخِلَافِthe natureمَاwhatهُوَit isعَلَيْهِupon itلِلْمَرَّةِfor the timeالَّتِيthatمَازَجَتْهُ.it mixed with.
And all this only obtains with the correctness and soundness of the nature. As for its corruption, then a human may feel the delightful but finds no pleasure in it, rather it hurts him. And similarly, he finds pleasure in the painful due to the corruption of the nature, and the corruption covers the powers of knowledge and the powers of action all together, like the one who tastes honey and finds it bitter, for indeed he has corrupted his sensation until he feels it against what it naturally is for the time it mixed with.
وَكَذَلِكَAnd similarlyمَنْwhoeverفَسَدَhas corruptedبَاطِنُهُ،his inner self,قَالَsaidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿﴿وَمَاAnd whatيُشْعِرُكُمْmakes you feelأَنَّهَاthat when theyإِذََاwhenجَاءَتْcameلَاnotيُؤْمِنُونَbelieve.وَنُقَلِّبُAnd We will turnأَفْئِدَتَهُمْtheir heartsوَأَبْصَارَهُمْand their sightكَمَاasلَمْnotيُؤْمِنُواbelieveبِهِin itأَوَّلَthe firstمَرَّةٍtimeوَنَذَرُهُمْand We leave themفِيinطُغْيَانِهِمْtheir transgressionيَعْمَهُونَwandering.[الأنعام][Al-An'am].
And similarly, those whose inner selves have been corrupted, Allah the Exalted said: 'And what makes you feel that when it has come, they will not believe. And We will turn their hearts and their sight as they did not believe in it the first time, and We will leave them in their transgression wandering.' [Al-An'am]
أَغْلَفٌThe sealed.
The sealed.
وَقَالَAnd saidتَعَالَى:the Exalted:﴿﴿فَلَمَّاSo whenزَاغُواthey deviated,أَزَاغَAllah turnedاللَّهُAllahقُلُوبَهُمْtheir hearts.﴾﴾[الصف:[As-Saff: ٥]5]وَقَالَ:And said:﴿﴿وَقَوْلِهِمْAnd their saying,قُلُوبُنَاour heartsغُلْفٌare sealed.بَلْRather,طَبَعَAllah has sealedاللَّهُAllahعَلَيْهَاupon themبِكُفْرِهِمْby their disbelief.﴾﴾[النساء :[An-Nisa: ١٥٥].155].وَقَالَAnd saidفِيinالْآيَةِthe verseالأُخْرَى:the other:وَقَالُواAnd they said,قُلُوبُنَاour heartsغُلْفٌare sealed.بَلRather,لَّعَنَهُمُAllah cursed themاللَّهُAllahبِكُفْرِهِمْby their disbelief.﴾﴾[البقرة:[Al-Baqarah: ٨٨].88].
And said the Exalted: 'So when they deviated, Allah turned their hearts.' [As-Saff: 5] And said: 'And their saying: Our hearts are sealed.' Rather, Allah has sealed them due to their disbelief.' [An-Nisa: 155]. And said in the other verse: 'And they said: Our hearts are sealed.' Rather, Allah cursed them due to their disbelief.' [Al-Baqarah: 88].
وَالْغُلْفُAnd the sealed:is the pluralجَمْعٌis the pluralوَهُوَand it isذُوthe one who hasالْغِلَافِthe coveringالَّذِيthatفِيis inغِلَافٌthe coveringمِثْلُlikeالْأَقْلَفِthe uncircumcised,كَأَنَّهُمْas if theyجَعَلُواmadeالْمَانِعَthe obstacleخَلْقًا،a creation,أَيmeaningخُلِقَتْthey were createdالْقُلُوبُthe heartsوَعَلَيْهَاand upon themأَغْطِيَةٌ،covers.فَقَالَSo Allah said:تَعَالَى :the Exalted :بَلْRather,لَّعَنَهُمُAllah cursed themاللَّهُAllahبِكُفْرِهِمْdue to their disbelief.وَوَطَبَعَAnd He sealed٢٤24
And the sealed: is the plural. And it is the one who has the covering that is in the cover, like the uncircumcised, as if they made the obstacle a creation, meaning they were created with the hearts having covers upon them. So Allah the Exalted said: Rather, Allah cursed them due to their disbelief and He sealed.