اللَّهُAllahوَقَدْAndجَمَعَgatheredبَيْنَbetweenوَصْفِهِمْdescribing themبُوَجْلٍwith fearالْقَلْبِof the heartإِذَاwhenذُكِرَremembered(۱)،(1),وَبِزِيَادَةٍand with an increaseالإِيمَانِof faithإِذَاwhenسَمِعُواthey heardآيَاتِهِHis versesقَالَsaidالضُّحَّاكُAl-Dhahhakزَادَتْهُمْincreased themيَقِينًا،certainty,وَقَالَAnd saidالرَّبِيعُal-Rabi‘ابْنَson ofأَنَسٍAnas: :خَشْيَةً،fear,وَعَنْand aboutابْنِson ofعَبَّاسٍ:Abbas:تَصْدِيقًا،confirmationوَهَكَذَاAnd thusقَدْhasذُكِرَmentionedاللَّهُAllahهَذَيْنِthese twoالأَصْلَيْنِfoundationsفِيinمَوَاضِعَ،places,قَالَsaidتَعَالَىthe Most High:أَلَمْDid notيَأْنِit makeلِلَّذِينَfor those whoآمَنُواbelievedأَنْthatتَخْشَعَthey humbleقُلُوبُهُمْtheir heartsلِذِكْرِto the remembrance ofاللَّهِAllahوَمَاand whatنَزَلَwas revealedمِنَfromالْحَقِّthe truthوَلَاand notيَكُونُواthey beكَالَّذِينَlike those whoأُوتُواwere givenالْكِتَابَthe scriptureمِنْfromقَبْلُbeforeفَطَالَthen a long timeعَلَيْهِمُupon themالْأَمَدُthe termفَقَسَتْthen their hearts hardenedقُلُوبُهُمْtheir heartsوَكَثِيرٌand manyمِّنْهُمْof themفَسِقُونَ:were disobedient:[الْحَدِيدِ]Al-Hadid].
Allah has gathered between the description of them as having a fearful heart when He is remembered, and an increase in faith when they hear His verses. Al-Dhahhak said that it increased them with certainty, while al-Rabi‘ ibn Anas said it was out of fear. Regarding Ibn Abbas, he said it was for confirmation. And thus Allah has mentioned these two foundations in several instances. The Most High said: "Has not the time come for those who have believed that their hearts should humbly submit to the remembrance of Allah and what has been revealed of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long time passed over them, so their hearts became hardened; and many of them were disobedient." [Al-Hadid].
وَالْخَشُوعُAnd humilityيَتَضَمَّنُincludesمَعْنَيَيْنِ:two meanings:أَحَدُهُمَا:One of them:التَّوَاضُعُhumilityوَالدُّلِّ،and submission,وَالثَّانِي:and the second:الْسُّكُونُstillnessوَالطُّمَأْنِينَةُ،and tranquility,وَذَٰلِكَand thisمُسْتَلْزِمٌnecessitatesلِلِّينِfor softnessالْقَلْبِof the heartالْمُنَافِيcontradictingلِلْقَسْوَةِharshness.فَخُشُوعُSo the humilityالْقَلْبِof the heartيَتَضَمَّنُincludesعَبُودِيَّتَهُits servitudeاللَّهَto Allahوَطُمَأْنِينَتَهُand tranquility.وَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonكَانَwasالْخُشُوعُthe humilityفِيinالصَّلَاةِprayerيَتَضَمَّنُincludesهَذَا،this,وَهَذَاand thisالتَّوَاضُعُhumilityوَالسُّكُونُ،and stillness,وَعَنْAnd regardingابْنِson ofعَبَّاسٍAbbasفِيinقَوْلِهِ:his statement:﴿الَّذِينَ"Those whoهُمْareفِيinصَلَاتِهِمْtheir prayerخَشِعُونَhumble"﴾ [المُؤْمِنُونَ]Al-Mu’minun].قَالَHe said:مُخْبِتُونَhumbleأَذِلَّاءَ،and submissive,وَعَنْand aboutالْحَسَنِAl-Hasanوَقَتَادَةَand Qatadah:خَائِفُونَ،fearful,وَعَنْand aboutمُقَاتِلٍMaqatilمُتَوَاضِعُونَ،humble,وَعَنْand aboutعَلِيٍّAli:الْخُشُوعُthe humilityفِيinالْقَلْبِ،the heart,وَأَنَّand toتَلِينَsoftenلِلْمُرْءَfor a personالْمُسْلِمِMuslimكُنْفَكَ،your side,وَلَاand do notتَلْتَفِتturn your glanceيَمِينًاto the rightوَلَاand do notشِمَالًاto the left.(۲).(2).وَقَالَAnd saidمُجَاهِدٌMujahid:غَضٌّlowerالْبَصَرَthe gazeوَخَفْضٌand loweringالْجَنَاحِ.the wing.وَكَانَAnd it wasالرَّجُلُthe manمِنَofالعُلَمَاءِthe scholarsإِذَاwhenقَامَhe stoodإِلَىtoالصَّلَاةِprayerيَهَابُhe fearedالرَّحْمَنَthe Most Mercifulأَنْthatيَشْرُدَhe strayبَصَرَهُ،his gaze,أَوْorأَنْthatيُحَدِّثَhe talksنَفْسَهُto himselfبِشَيْءٍabout somethingمِنْfromأَمْرِthe matterالدُّنْيَا.of this world.وَعَنْAnd regardingعَمْرٍوAmrابْنِson ofدِينَارٍ:Dinar:لَيْسَIt is notالْخُشُوعُthe humilityالرُّكُوعِof bowingوَالسُّجُودِand prostrationوَلَكِنَّهُbut it isالسُّكُونُstillnessوَحُبٌّand having a goodحَسَنَappearanceالْهَيْئَةِin prayerفِيinالصَّلَاةِ.prayer.وَعَنْAnd regardingابْنِthe son ofسِيرِينَSirrinوَغَيْرِهِand others:كَانَwasالنَّبِيُّthe Prophet ﷺ,وَأَصْحَابُهُand his companionsيَرْفَعُونَraisedأَبْصَارَهُمْtheir gazesفِيinالصَّلَاةِthe prayerإِلَىtoالسَّمَاءِ،the sky,وَيَنْظُرُونَand they lookedيَمِينًاto the rightوَشِمَالًاand to the leftحَتَّىuntilنَزَلَتْit was revealedهَذِهِthis:قَدْIndeed,أَفْلَحَthe believers have succeededالْمُؤْمِنُونَthe believers whoالَّذِينَareهُمْthey areفِيinصَلَاتِهِمْtheir prayersخَاشِعُونَhumbly submissive"﴾ [المؤمنون].the believers].فَجَعَلُواSo they madeبَعْدَafterذَٰلِكَthatأَبْصَارَهُمْtheir gazesحَيْثُwhereيَسْجُدُونَthey prostrate.وَمَاAnd notرُؤِيَwas seenأَحَدٌanyoneمِنْهُمْof themبَعْدَafterذَٰلِكَthatيَنْظُرُlookedإِلَّاexceptإِلَىto١۷17
And humility includes two meanings: one of which is humility and submission, and the second is stillness and tranquility; this necessitates the softness of the heart which contradicts harshness. Therefore, the humility of the heart includes its servitude to Allah and its tranquility as well. This is why humility in prayer includes this, and this humility and stillness. Regarding Ibn Abbas in his statement: "Those who are in their prayers humbly submissive" [Al-Mu’minun] he said: "humble and submissive." Qatada and al-Hasan said: "fearful." Regarding Maqatil, he said: "humble." And Ali said: "the humility is in the heart, and that one should soften one's side for a Muslim, and do not glance to the right or to the left." (2). Mujahid said: "lowering the gaze and lowering the wing." And a man from the scholars, when standing for prayer, would fear the Most Merciful to stray his gaze or to talk to himself about something from the matters of this world. According to Amr ibn Dinar: "Humility is not bowing or prostrating but is stillness and a good appearance in prayer." Regarding Ibn Sirin and others, the Prophet ﷺ and his companions would raise their gazes during prayer to the sky and they would look to the right and the left until this was revealed: "Indeed, the believers have succeeded, those who are humbly submissive in their prayers" [Al-Mu’minun]. So afterward they directed their gazes where they prostrate. And no one of them was seen afterward to look except to [17].