لَيْسَتْis notلِمَنْfor whomأَشْرَكَassociated partnersبِاللَّهِwith Allahوَلَاand notتَكُونُisإِلَّاexceptبِإِذْنِby permissionاللَّهِAllah
It is not for those who associate partners with Allah, and it can only be by the permission of Allah.
وَحَقِيقَتُهُAnd its realityأَنْis thatاللَّهَAllahهُوَisالَّذِيthe One whoيَتَفَضَّلُbestows favorعَلَىuponأَهْلِthe people ofالإِخْلَاصِsincerityوَالتَّوْحِيدِand monotheism,,فَيَغْفِرُso He forgivesلَهُمْfor themبِوَاسِطَةِthrough the intercessionدُعَاءِof the intercessorالَّذِيwhoأُذِنَhas been permittedلَهُto himأَنْtoيَشْفَعَintercedeلِيُكْرِمَهُto honor himبِذَلِكَwith that,,وَيَنَالَand attainالْمَقَامَthe stationالْمَحْمُودَof praiseالَّذِيwhichيُغَبَطُهُis envied byبِهِitالأَوَّلُونَthe earlier onesوَالْآخِرُونَand the latter ones
And its reality is that Allah is the One who bestows favor upon the people of sincerity and monotheism, so He forgives them through the supplication of the intercessor who has been permitted to intercede to honor him with that and attain the station of praise which is envied by the earlier and latter ones.
كَمَاAsكَانَwasفِيinالدُّنْيَاthe worldيَسْتَسْقِيasking for waterلَهُمْfor themوَيَدْعُوand invokesلَهُمْfor them,,وَتِلْكَand thatشَفَاعَةٌintercessionمِنْهُfrom Himلَهُمْfor them,,فَكَانَso Allahيُجِيبُanswersدُعَائَهُhis supplicationوَشَفَاعَتَهُand his intercession.
As he was in the world, asking for water for them and invoking for them, and that intercession was from Him for them, so Allah answers his supplication and his intercession.
وَإِذَاAnd ifكَانَwasكذلكthe case,,فَالظُّلْمُthen injusticeثَلاثَةُthreeأَنْوَاعٍtypes::فَالظُّلْمُThen injusticeالَّذِيthat whichهُوَisشِرْكٌassociation (polytheism)لَاnoشَفَاعَةًintercessionفِيin it,,وَظُلْمٌand injusticeالنَّاسِof the peopleبَعْضُهُمْsome of themبَعْضًاto one another.لَابُدَّmustفِيin itمِنْofإِعْطَاءِgivingالْمَظْلُومِthe oppressedحَقَّهُhis right.لَاNoيَسْقُطُis taken awayحَقُّthe rightالْمَظْلُومِof the oppressedلَاnotبَشَفَاعَةٍby intercessionوَلَاnorغَيْرِهَاother than it.وَلَكِنْButقَدْmayيُعْطَىbe givenالْمَظْلُومُthe oppressedمِنَfromالظَّالِمِthe oppressor,,كَمَاasقَدْmayيُغْفَرَforgiveلِلظَّالِمِto the oppressorنَفْسُهُhimselfبِالشَّفَاعَةِby intercession.فَالظَّالِمُThe oppressorالْمُطْلَقُabsoluteمَاhas noلَهُfor himمِنَofشَفِيعٍintercessorمُطَاعٍobedient.وَأَمَّاAnd as forالْمُوَحِّدُthe monotheistفَلَمْhas notيَكُنْbeen.ظَالِمًاan oppressorمُطْلَقًاabsolutely.بَلْRatherهُوَhe isمُوَحِّدٌa monotheistمَعَwithظُلْمِهِhis oppressionلِنَفْسِهِto himself.وَهَذَاAnd thisإِنَّمَاis onlyنَفْعُهُbenefits himفِيinالْحَقِيقَةِtruthإِخْلَاصُهُhis sincerityلِلَّهِto Allah,,فِيin whichصَارَhe becameمِنْone ofأَهْلِthe people ofالشَّفَاعَةِintercessionوَمَقْصُودُand the purposeالْقُرْآنِof the Quranبِنَفْيِin negatingالشَّفَاعَةِintercessionنَفْيَnegationالشِّرْكِof polytheism.وَهُوَAnd it isأَنْthatأَحَدًاno oneلَاshouldيُعْبَدَbe worshippedإِلَّاexceptاللَّهَAllah.وَلَاAnd notيَدْعُوinvokeغَيْرَهُother than Him.وَلَاAnd notيَسْأَلَaskغَيْرَهُother than Him.وَلَاAnd notيَتَوَكَّلَrelyعَلَىonغَيْرِهِsomeone else.لَاeitherفِيinشَفَاعَةٍintercessionوَلَاnorغَيْرِهَاother than it.فَلَيْسَSo it is notلَهُfor himأَنْtoيَتَوَكَّلَrelyعَلَىonأَحَدٍanyoneفِيforأَنْthatيَرْزُقَهُHe provides for him.وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَit wasاللَّهُAllahيَأْتِيهِbrings himبِرِزْقِهِhis provisionبِأَسْبَابٍthrough means.
So it is not for him to rely on anyone for that He provides for him, and if Allah brings him his provision through means.
كَمَاSimilarlyلَيْسَis notلَهُfor himأَنْtoيَتَوَكَّلَrelyعَلَىonغَيْرِother thanاللَّهِAllahفِيtoأَنْthatيَغْفِرَforgiveلَهُfor himوَيَرْحَمَهُand have mercy on himفِيinالْآخِرَةِthe Hereafter.وَإِنْAnd ifكَانَit wasاللَّهُAllahيَغْفِرُforgivesلَهُfor himوَيَرْحَمُهُand have mercy on himبِأَسْبَابٍthrough meansمِنْofشَفَاعَةٍintercessionوَغَيْرِهَاand others.فَالشَّفَاعَةُSo the intercessionالَّتِيwhichنَفَاهَاthe Quran negatedالْقُرْآنُthe Quranمُطْلَقًاabsolutely,,مَاwhatكَانَwasفِيهَاin itشِرْكٌassociation (polytheism)وَتِلْكَand thatمُنْتَفِيَةٌis negatedمُطْلَقًاabsolutely.وَلِهَذَاAnd thusأَثْبَتَit is affirmedالشَّفَاعَةَintercessionبِإِذْنِهِby His permissionفِيinمَوَاضِعَplaces.وَتِلْكَAnd thoseقَدhaveبَيَّنَclarifiedالرَّسُولُthe Messengerﷺ(peace be upon him)أَنَّهَاthat itلَاdoes notتَكُونَbeإِلَّاexceptلِأَهْلِfor the people ofالتَّوْحِيدِmonotheismوَالْإِخْلَاصِand sincerity.فَهِيَSo it isمِنَofالتَّوْحِيدِmonotheismوَمُسْتَحِقُّهَاand those worthy of itأَهْلٌare the people ofالتَّوْحِيدِmonotheism.
Similarly, it is not for him to rely on anyone other than Allah for that He forgives him and has mercy on him in the Hereafter, even if Allah forgives him and has mercy on him through means of intercession and others. So the intercession that the Quran negated absolutely was that which contains polytheism, and that is absolutely negated. And thus it is affirmed that intercession by His permission in places, and those have been clarified by the Messenger (peace be upon him) that it is not except for the people of monotheism and sincerity. So it is of monotheism and those worthy of it are the people of monotheism.
وَأَمَّاAnd as forالظُّلْمِthe injusticeالْمُقَيَّدِspecific,,فَقَدْthen it mayيَخْتَصَّspecifically pertainبِظُلْمِto the injusticeالْإِنْسَانِof a personنَفْسِهِhimself.وَظُلْمٌAnd the injusticeالنَّاسِof the peopleبَعْضُهُمْsome of themبَعْضًاto one another.كَقَوْلِAs in the saying ofآدَمَAdamعَلَيْهِpeace be upon him::)}},{رَبَّنَاOur Lordظَلَمْنَاwe have wrongedأَنفُسَنَاourselves.[الأعراف: ٢٣][Al-A'raf: 23].وَقَوْلِAnd the saying ofمُوسَىMosesعَلَيْهِpeace be upon him::)رَبِّيMy LordإِنِّيIndeed Iظَلَمْتُhave wrongedنَفْسِيmyself.[القصص : ١٦][Al-Qasas: 16].وَقَوْلِهِAnd His statementتَعَالَىthe Exalted::)وَالَّذِينَAnd those whoإِذَاwhenفَعَلُواthey commitفَاحِشَةًan indecencyأَوْorظَلَمُواthey wrongedأَنْفُسَهُمْthemselves.ذَكَرُواThey rememberاللَّهَAllah.فَاسْتَغْفَرُواThen they seek forgivenessلِذُنُوبِهِمْfor their sins.﴿آل عمران: ١٣٥﴾[Al-Imran: 135].
And as for the specific injustice, it specifically pertains to the injustice of a person to himself, and the injustice among the people to one another, as in the saying of Adam, peace be upon him: "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves [Al-A'raf: 23]," and the saying of Moses, peace be upon him: "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself [Al-Qasas: 16]," and His saying, the Exalted: "And those who when they commit an indecency or wrong themselves, they remember Allah, then they seek forgiveness for their sins." [Al-Imran: 135].
وَلَكِنَّButقَوْلَthe sayingآدَمَof Adamوَمُوسَىand Mosesإِخْبَارٌis an informativeعَنْaboutوَاقِعٍa realityلَاnotعُمُومٌgeneralفِيهin it.وَذَلِكَand thatقَدْhasعُرِفَknownـوَاللَّهُAnd Allahالْحَمْدُpraiseـأَنَّهُthat itلَيْسَis notكُفْرًاdisbelief.
But the saying of Adam and Moses is an informative statement about a reality that does not have generality in it, and that has been known — and Allah be praised — that it is not disbelief.