هُوَHeفَإِنَّForالْغَائِطَthe excrementفِيinاللُّغَةِthe language
For excrement in the language.
الْمَكَانِthe placeالْمُنْخَفِضِlowمِنْofالْأَرْضِthe earthفَلَمَّاSo whenكَانُواthey wereيُنْتَابُونَهُfrequenting itلِقَضَاءِfor the purpose ofحَوَائِجِهِمْtheir needs,,سَمَّوْاthey namedمَاwhatيَخْرُجُcomes outمِنْfromالْإِنْسَانِthe humanبِاسْمِby the name ofمَحِلِّهِits place
So when they were frequenting it for the purpose of their needs, they named what comes out from the human by the name of its place.
وَالظَّعِينَةُAnd the womanاسْمُthe nameالدَّابَّةِof the animal,,ثُمَّthenسَمَّوْاthey namedالْمَرْأَةَthe womanالَّتِيwhoتَرْكَبُهَاrides itبِاسْمِهَاby its name,,وَنَظَائِرُand similarذَٰلِكَthat
And the woman is the name of the animal, then they named the woman who rides it by its name, and similar to that.
وَالْمَقْصُودُAnd the goalأَنْis thatهَذِهِthisالْحَاقِقَةُrealityالْعُرْفِيَّةُthe customaryلَمdid notتَصِرْbecomeحَاقِقَةًa realityلِجَمَاعَةٍfor a groupتَوَاطَؤُواagreedعَلَىtoنَقْلِهَاtransfer it
And the goal is that this customary reality did not become a reality for a group that agreed to transfer it.
وَلَكِنButتَكَلَّمَsome spokeبِهَاabout itبَعْضُsomeالنَّاسِpeopleوَأَرَادَand intendedمِنْهَاfrom itذَٰلِكَthatالْمَعْنَىmeaningالْعُرْفِيُّcustomary,,ثُمَّthenشَاعَbecame widespreadالِاسْتِعْمَالُthe use
But some people spoke about it and intended from it that customary meaning, then the use became widespread.
فَصَارَتْSo it becameحَاقِقَةًa realityعُرْفِيَّةًcustomaryبِهَذَاby thisالِاسْتِعْمَالِuseوَلِهَذَاAnd for this reasonزَادَincreasedمِنْfromزَادَthose who increasedمِنْهُمْamong themفِيinحَدِّthe definitionالْحَاقِقَةِof realityفِيinاللُّغَةِthe languageالَّتِيin whichبِهَاby itالتَّخَاطُبَcommunicationثُمَّand thenهُمْtheyيَعْلَمُونَknow,,وَيَقُولُونَand they say::إِنَّهُthat itقَدmayيَغْلِبَdominateالِاسْتِعْمَالَthe useعَلَىoverبَعْضِsomeالأَلْفَاظِwords,,فَيَصِيرُso it becomesالْمَعْنَىthe meaningالْعُرْفِيُّcustomaryأَشْهَرَmore famousفِيهِin it,,وَلَاand does notيَدُلُّindicateعِندَatالْإِطْلَاقِthe expressionإِلَّاexceptعَلَيْهِon it
So it became a customary reality by this use, and for this reason, those who increased among them in the definition of reality in the language which communication is done by it, then they know and they say that it may dominate the use over some words, and the customary meaning becomes more famous in it, and does not indicate at the expression except on it.
فَتَصِيرُSo it becomesالْحَاقِقَةُthe realityالْعُرْفِيَّةُcustomaryنَاسِخَةًabrogatingلِلْحَاقِقَةِfor the realityاللُّغَوِيَّةِlinguistic,,وَالْلَّفْظُand the termمُسْتَعْمَلٌis usedفِيinهَذَاthisالِاسْتِعْمَالِuseالْحَادِثِrecentلِلْعُرْفِيِّيfor customary,,وَهُوَand it isحَاقِقَةًa realityمِنْwithoutغَيْرِanyأَنْthatيَكُونَthere isلِمَاfor whenاسْتُعْمِلَit was used inفِيthatذَٰلِكَthatتَقَدَّمَpriorوَضْعٌplacementفَعُلِمَso it is knownأَنْthatتَفْسِيرَthe interpretationالْحَاقِقَةَof realityبِهَذَاby thisلَاdoes notيَصِحُّvalid.
So it becomes the customary reality abrogating the linguistic reality, and the term is used in this recent use for customary, and it is a reality without there being a prior placement for its use, and it is known that the interpretation of reality by this is not valid.
وَإِنْAnd ifقَالُواthey say::نَعْنِيwe meanبِمَاby whatوُضِعَwas placedلَهُfor itمَاwhatاسْتُعْمِلَتwas usedفِيهin itأَوَّلًاinitially,,فَيُقَالُit is said::مِنْfromأَيْنَwhereيُعْلَمُis knownأَنْthatهَذِهِtheseالأَلْفَاظُwordsالَّتِيthatكَانَتْwereالْعَرَبُthe Arabsتَتَخَاطَبُcommunicatedبِهَاwith themعِندَatنُزُولِthe descentالْقُرْآنِof the Quranوَقَبْلَهُand before it,,لَمnotتَسْتَعْمَلْusedقَبْلَbeforeذَٰلِكَthatفِيinمَعْنَىmeaningشَيْءٍsomethingآخَرَelse.
And if they say: we mean by what was placed for it what was initially used in it, it is said: where is it known that these words that the Arabs communicated with at the descent of the Quran and before it, were not used before that in the meaning of something else?
وَإِذَاAnd ifلَمnotيَعْلَمُواthey knowهَذَاthisالنَّفْيَnegation,,فَلَاthen notيَعْلَمُواknowأَنَّهَاthat itحَاقِقَةٌis a reality,,وَهَذَاand thisخِلَافٌis contrary toمَاwhatاتَّفَقُواthey agreedعَلَيْهِupon.
And if they do not know this negation, then they do not know that it is a reality, and this is contrary to what they agreed upon.
وَأَيْضًاAnd alsoفَيَلْزَمُit is necessaryمِنْfromهَذَاthisأَنْthatلَاnotيَقْطَعُواbe certainبِشَيْءٍof somethingمِنْofالأَلْفَاظِthe wordsأَنَّهُthat itحَاقِقَةٌis a reality,,وَهَذَاand thisلَاdoes notيَقُولُهُsay thisعَاقِلٌa rational.
And also, it is necessary from this that one cannot be certain of something from the words that it is a reality, and this no rational person would say.
ثُمَّThenهَـٰؤُلَاءِtheseالَّذِينَwhoيَقُولُونَsayهَـٰذَاthis,,نَجِدُwe findأَحَدَهُمْone of themيَأْتِيcomesإِلَىtoالْأَلْفَاظِtermsلَمdid notيَعْلَمُواknowأَنَّهَاthat theyاسْتُعْمِلَتْwere usedإِلَّاexceptمُقَيَّدَةًrestrictedفَيَنْطِقُthen uttersبِهَاwith itمُجَرَّدَةًunrestrictedعَنofجَمِيعِallالْقُيُودِrestrictions
Then these who say this, we find one of them comes to terms that were not known to have been used except in a restricted manner, then utters them unrestrained from all restrictions.
أَنْThatذَٰلِكَthatثُمَّthenيَدَّعِيclaimsهُوَit isحَاقِقَتُهَاits realityمِنْfromغَيْرِwithoutأَنْthatيُعْلَمَit is knownأَنَّهَاthat itنُطِقَتْwas spokenبِهَاwith itمُجَرَّدَةًunrestricted,,وَلَاand does notوُضِعَتْwas placedمُجَرَّدَةًunrestrained
That then it claims to be its reality without knowing that it was spoken with it unrestricted, nor was it placed unrestricted.
مِثْلَLikeأَنْthatيَقُولَone saysحَاقِقَةُthe realityالْعَيْنِof the eyeهُوَisالْعُضْوُthe organالْمُبْصِرُthe sighted,,ثُمَّthenسُمِّيَتْwas calledبِهِby itعَيْنُeyeالشَّمْسِof the sun,,وَالْعَيْنُand the eyeالْنَّابِعَةُthe springوَعَيْنٌand eyeالذَّهَبِthe gold,,لِلْمُشَابَهَةِfor similarity,,لَكِنَّbutأَكْثَرَهُمْmost of themيَقُولُونَsay::إِنَّthatهَذَاthisمِنْis fromبَابِthe categoryالْمُشْتَرَكِof polysemy,,لَاnotمِنْfromبَابِthe categoryالْحَاقِقَةِof realityوَالْمَجَازِand metaphorical usage
Like when one says, the reality of the eye is the sighted organ, then it was called the eye of the sun, and the eye of the spring, and the eye of the gold, for similarity; but most of them say: that this is from the category of polysemy, not from the category of reality and metaphorical usage.
فَيُمَثِّلُSo it exemplifiesبِغَيْرِهِwith others,,مِثْلَlikeالْلَّفْظِthe termالرَّأْسِthe head,,يَقُولُونَthey sayهُوَisحَاقِقَةٌthe realityفِيinرَأْسِthe headالْإِنْسَانِof the human,,ثُمَّthenقَالُواthey saidرَأْسُthe headالدَّرْبُof the pathلِأَوَّلِهِfor its beginning,,وَرَأْسٌand the headالْعَيْنُof the springلِمَنْبَعِهَاfor its source,,وَرَأْسٌand the headالْقَوْمِof the peopleلِسَيِّدِهِمfor their leader,,وَرَأْسٌand the headالْأَمْرُof the matterلِأَوَّلِهِfor its beginning,,وَرَأْسٌand the headالشَّهْرِof the month,,وَرَأْسٌand the headالْحَوْلِof the year,,وَأَمْثَالُand examplesذَٰلِكَof thatعَلَىuponطَرِيقِthe pathالْمَجَازِof metaphorical usage.
So it exemplifies with others, like the term 'the head', they say it is a reality in the head of the human, then they said the head of the path for its beginning, and the head of the spring for its source, and the head of the people for their leader, and the head of the matter for its beginning, and the head of the month, and the head of the year, and examples of that upon the path of metaphorical usage.
وَهُمْAnd theyلَاdo notيَجِدُونَfindقَطٌّat allأَنَّthatلَفْظَthe termالرَّأْسَthe headاسْتُعْمِلَwas usedمُجَرَّدًاunrestrained,,بَلْbutيَجِدُونَthey findأَنَّهُthat itاسْتُعْمِلَwas usedبِالْقُيُودِin restricted mannersفِيinرَأْسِthe headالْإِنْسَانِof the human,,كَقَوْلِهِمْlike his saying
And they do not find at all that the term 'the head' was used unrestrained, but they find that it was used in restricted manners in the head of the human, like his saying.
فَإِنَّForهَذَاthisيُسَلِّمُyieldsلَهُمْto themمَاwhatقَالُوهُthey have said,,فِيin whatيَقُولُونَ:},{إِنَّthatهَذَاthisيُمْكِنُcanأَنْtoيَكُونَbeمِمَّاof whatتَعَارَفُواthey have become familiarعَلَيْهِuponإِنَّهُthat itيُخَالِفُcontradictsمَاwhatيَقُولُونَ.
For this yields to them what they have said, in what they say: that this can be of what they have become familiar with that contradicts what they say.