بِهِin itوَنَصَبَهُand appointed itالْجَمِيعُeveryoneمِنْwhoيَمُرُّpassesعَلَيْهon itيَسْتَلْزِمُrequiresسَعَتَهُits vastness
In it, everyone who passes by requires its vastness.
وَإِضَافَتَهُAnd its additionإِلَىtoالْمُنْعِمِthe blessedعَلَيْهِمupon themوَوَصْفَهُand its descriptionبِمُخَالَفَةٍof opposingصِرَاطٍthe pathأَهْلِof the peopleالْغَضَبِof angerوَالضَّلاَلِand misguidanceيَسْتَلْزِمُrequiresتَعِينُهُdesignates itطَرِيقًاa way
And its addition to the blessed upon them and its description of opposing the path of the people of anger and misguidance designates it a way.
وَAnd«الصِّرَاطُ»the pathتَارَةًat timesيُضَافُis attributedإِلَىtoاللهِGodإِذْsinceهُوَHeالَّذِيwhoشَرَعَهُlegislated itوَنَصَبَهُand appointed itكَقَوْلِهِas His sayingتَعَالَىthe Most High:: (وَأَنَّ(And thatهَذَاthisصِرَاطِيis My pathمُسْتَقِيمًا)straight)
And 'the path' is at times attributed to God, since He is the one who legislated and appointed it, as His saying: (And that this is My path, straight).
وَقَوْلُهُAnd His saying:: (وَإِنَّكَ(And indeed, youلَتَهْدِيguideإِلَىtoصِرَاطٍthe pathمُسْتَقِيمٍstraight:: صِرَاطَthe pathاللهِof God
And His saying: (And indeed, you guide to the straight path: the path of God).
وَتَارَةًAnd at timesيُضَافُis attributedإِلَىtoالْعِبَادِthe servants،,كَماasفِيinالْفَاتِحَةِthe Opening.لِكَوْنِهِمbecause theyأَهْلٌare the peopleسُلُوكِهِof its pathوَهُوَand it isالْمَنْسُوبُthe ascribedلَهُمْto them.وَهُمْThey areالْمَارُونَthe ones who passعَلَيْهِon it.
And at times, it is attributed to the servants, as in the Opening, because they are the people of its path, and it is ascribed to them. They are the ones who pass on it.
الْمَوْضِعُThe placeالثَّامِنُthe eighthمِنْofذِكْرٍmentionedالْمُنْعِمِthe blessedعَلَيْهِمupon them،,وَتَمْيِيزِهِمand distinguishing themعَنْfromطَائِفَتَيْthe two groupsالْغَضَبِof angerوَالضَّلاَلِand misguidanceفَانْقَسَمَthen dividedالنَّاسُthe peopleبِحَسَبِaccording toمَعْرِفَةِknowledgeالْحَقِّthe truthوَالْعَمَلِand workبِهِwith itإِلَىtoهَذِهِtheseالأَقْسَامِcategoriesالثَّلاثَةِthe three.
The place of mentioning the blessed upon them and distinguishing them from the two groups of anger and misguidance has led to the division of people according to knowledge of the truth and working with it into these three categories.
لِأَنَّBecauseالْعَبْدَthe servantإِمَّاeitherأَنْtoيَكُونَbeعَالِمًاknowledgeableبِالْحَقِّof the truth،,أَوْorجَاهِلًاignorantبِهِof it.وَالْعَالِمُAnd the knowledgeableبِالْحَقِّof the truthإِمَّاeitherأَنْtoيَكُونَbeعَامِلًاa doerأَوْorمُخَالِفًاopposingبِمُوجِبِهِits obligationلَهُto him.
Because a servant can either be knowledgeable of the truth, or ignorant of it. And the knowledgeable of the truth can either be a doer or opposing its obligation.
فَهَذِهِSo theseأَقْسَامُcategoriesالْمُكَلَّفِينَof those obligated.لاdo notيَخْرُجُونَexitعَنْهَاfrom themالْبَتَّةَat all.
So these are the categories of those obligated; they do not exit from them at all.
فَالعَالِمُSo the knowledgeableبِالْحَقِّof the truthالْعَامِلُthe doerبِهwith it::هُوَisالْمُنْعَمُthe blessedعَلَيْهِupon him.وَهُوَAnd heالَّذِيwhoزَكَّىpurifiedنَفْسَهُhimselfبِالْعِلْمِwith knowledgeالنَّافِعِbeneficialوَالْعَمَلِand the workالصَّالِحِrighteous.وَهُوَAnd he isالْمُفْلِحُthe successful.
So the knowledgeable of the truth who does with it is the blessed upon him. And he is the one who purified himself with beneficial knowledge and righteous work. And he is the successful.
قَدْIndeedأَفْلَحَhas succeededمَنْwhoزَكَّاهَاpurified it.
Indeed, he who has succeeded is the one who purified it.
وَالْعَالِمُAnd the knowledgeableالْمُتْبِعُfollowingهَوَاهُhis desires::هُوَisالْمَغْضُوبُthe one who is angry uponعَلَيْهِhim.
And the knowledgeable who follows his desires is the one who is angry upon him.
وَالْجَاهِلُAnd the ignorantبِالْحَقِّof the truth::هُوَisالضَّالُّthe misguided.
And the ignorant of the truth is the misguided.
وَالْمَغْضُوبُAnd the one who is angry uponعَلَيْهِhimضَالٌّis misguidedعَنْfromهَدَايَةِguidanceالْعَمَلِthe workوَالضَّالُّAnd the misguidedمَغْضُوبٌis one who is angryعَلَيْهِupon himالضَّلاَلَةَthe misguidanceعَنْfromالْعِلْمِknowledgeالْمُوجِبِthe obligationلِلْعَمَلِto work.
And the one who is angry upon him is misguided from the guidance of the work, and the misguided is the one who is angry upon him for being misled from the knowledge that obligates work.
فَكُلُّSo eachمِنْهَاof themضَالٌّis misguidedمَغْضُوبٌis one who is angry uponعَلَيْهِhimوَلَكِنَّbutتَارِكُthe abandonerالْعَمَلَof the workبِالْحَقِّwith truthبَعْدَafterمَعْرِفَتِهِhis knowledgeبِهof itأَوْلَىis more deservingبِوَصْفٍwith the descriptionالْغَضَبِof angerوَأَحَقُّand more entitledبِهِto it.
So each of them is misguided and is one who is angry upon him, but the abandoner of the work with the truth after his knowledge of it is more deserving of the description of anger and more entitled to it.
وَمِنْAnd fromهُنَاhereكَانَwasالْيَهُودَthe Jewsأَحَقَّmore deservingبِهِof it.وَهُوَAnd it isمُتَغَلِّظٌintensifiedفِيinحَقِّهِمtheir right.كَقَوْلِهِAs His saying::تَعَالَىthe Most Highفِيinحَقِّهِمtheir rightبِشَمَاabout whatاشْتَرَوْاthey boughtبِهِwith itأَنفُسَهُمْtheir soulsأَنْthatيَكْفُرُواthey denyبِمَاwhatأُنزِلَwas revealedاللَّهُGodبَغْيًاout of envyأَنْthatيُنَزِّلَHe sends downاللَّهُGodمِنْofفَضْلِهِHis graceعَلَىuponمَنwhomيَشَاءُHe willsمِنَofعِبَادِهِHis servants،,,قُبَاءًcloaksوَأَبْغَضَتْand angerعَلَىuponغَضَبٍanger
And from here, the Jews were more deserving of it, and it was intensified for their right, as His saying: the Most High, in their right, about what they bought with their souls, that they deny what was revealed by God, out of envy that God sends down of His grace upon whom He wills of His servants, and anger upon anger.
وَقَالَAnd He saidتَعَالَىthe Most High::قُلSayهَلis thereأُنبِئُكُمa tidings for youبِشَرٍّworseمِنْthanذَاكَthatمَثُوبَةًrewardمِنْfromعِندِatاللَّهِGodمَنْwhoلَعَنَهُHe cursedاللَّهُGodوَغَضِبَand was angryعَلَيْهِupon him,,وَجَعَلَand madeمِنْهُمْfrom themالْقِرَدَةَthe monkeysوَالْخَنَازِيرَand the pigs,,وَعَبِيدَand servants ofالطَّاغُوتِthe tyrant.أُولَـٰئِكَThoseشَرٌّare worseمَكَانًاin placeوَأَضَلَّand more misguidedعَنْfromسَوَاءِthe straightالسَّبِيلِpath.
And He said, the Most High: Say, 'Is there a tidings for you worse than that? A reward from God for whom He cursed and was angry upon, and made from them the monkeys and the pigs, and servants of the tyrant. Those are worse in place and more misguided from the straight path.'
(1)(1)سُورَةُChapterالْأَنْعَامِof the Cattleالْآيَةُverse١٥٣153.سُورَةُChapterالشُّورَىof Consultationالْآيَةُverse٥٢52وand٥٣53.(A)(A)(٣)(3)سُورَةُChapterالشَّمْسِof the Sunالْآيَةُverse٩9.(٤)(4)سُورَةُChapterالْبَقَرَةِof the Cowالْآيَةُverse٩٠90.سُورَةُChapterالْمَائِدَةِof the Tableالْآيَةُverse٦٠60.
(1) Chapter of the Cattle, verse 153. (2) Chapter of Consultation, verse 52 and 53. (3) Chapter of the Sun, verse 9. (4) Chapter of the Cow, verse 90. (5) Chapter of the Table, verse 60.